Barza M
Am J Hosp Pharm. 1977 Jan;34(1):57-67.
The mechanism of action, resistance, antibacterial spectrum, clinical pharmacology, adverse effects, and therapeutic and prophylactic use of penicillins are reviewed. The choice of a penicillin is discussed. The only indication for the penicillinase-resistant penicillins is the suspected or demonstrated presence of Staphylococcus aureus. There are no important differences in therapeutic effect among oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin or flucloxacillin by the oral route, or among oxacillin, dicloxacillin, nafcillin or methicillin parenterally. Ampicillin is especially useful for infections due to Haemophilus influenzae and Escherchia coli and for serious disease due to enterococcus and Listeria monocytogenes. Carbenicillin and ticarcillin exhibit unique activity against gram-negative bacilli (except Klebsiella).
本文综述了青霉素的作用机制、耐药性、抗菌谱、临床药理学、不良反应以及治疗和预防用途。讨论了青霉素的选择。耐青霉素酶青霉素的唯一适应症是疑似或已证实存在金黄色葡萄球菌。口服时，苯唑西林、氯唑西林、双氯西林或氟氯西林之间的治疗效果无重要差异；胃肠外给药时，苯唑西林、双氯西林、萘夫西林或甲氧西林之间也无重要差异。氨苄西林对流感嗜血杆菌和大肠杆菌引起的感染以及肠球菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌引起的严重疾病特别有用。羧苄西林和替卡西林对革兰氏阴性杆菌（克雷伯菌除外）具有独特活性。
