Kot Marta, Musiał-Wysocka Aleksandra, Lasota Małgorzata, Ulman Aleksandra, Majka Marcin
Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Department of Transplantation, Kraków, Poland.
Acta Biochim Pol. 2019 Dec 28;66(4):499-507. doi: 10.18388/abp.2019_2895.
The MSCs are immature cells that can be found in numerous different tissue types. In recent years, they have gained considerable attention, particularly with regard to their regenerative properties. Due to their paracrine activity, ability to migrate, adhesion and homing, MSCs currently appear to be the most relevant for therapeutic use. Numerous bioactive molecules secreted by MSCs exert paracrine effects and modulate many physiological processes, such as angiogenesis, immunomodulation and neuroprotection. Cell-cell communication may be also mediated by extracellular vesicles released from the cells. Due to these properties, MSCs have been widely studied for evaluation of their therapeutic benefits expected in the clinical applications. For effective tissue regeneration, transplanted MSCs have to exit the circulation and locate at the site of damage, which is possible because of their ability to migrate, adhere and engraft at the target site. Accumulating evidence suggests that MSCs recruitment from remote sites is similar to leukocytes' migration. All of these biological features make MSCs highly investigated stem cells and the most commonly used cells in regenerative medicine. Since environmental factors affect the MSCs behavior, we discuss importance of oxygen concentration as a one of the key factors affecting MSCs properties.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）是未成熟细胞，可在多种不同组织类型中找到。近年来，它们受到了广泛关注，尤其是在其再生特性方面。由于其旁分泌活性、迁移、黏附和归巢能力，MSCs目前似乎是最适用于治疗用途的细胞。MSCs分泌的众多生物活性分子发挥旁分泌作用，并调节许多生理过程，如血管生成、免疫调节和神经保护。细胞间通讯也可能由细胞释放的细胞外囊泡介导。由于这些特性，人们对MSCs进行了广泛研究，以评估其在临床应用中预期的治疗益处。为了实现有效的组织再生，移植的MSCs必须离开循环系统并定位在损伤部位，这是因为它们具有迁移、黏附和在靶位点植入的能力。越来越多的证据表明，从远处募集MSCs类似于白细胞的迁移。所有这些生物学特性使MSCs成为研究深入的干细胞，也是再生医学中最常用的细胞。由于环境因素会影响MSCs的行为，我们将讨论氧浓度作为影响MSCs特性的关键因素之一的重要性。
