Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Stem Cell Res Ther. 2018 Mar 9;9(1):63. doi: 10.1186/s13287-018-0791-7.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that have gained significant attention in the field of regenerative medicine. The differentiation potential along with paracrine properties of MSCs have made them a key option for tissue repair. The paracrine functions of MSCs are applied through secreting soluble factors and releasing extracellular vesicles like exosomes and microvesicles. Extracellular vesicles are predominantly endosomal in origin and contain a cargo of miRNA, mRNA, and proteins that are transferred from their original cells to target cells. Recently it has emerged that extracellular vesicles alone are responsible for the therapeutic effect of MSCs in plenty of animal diseases models. Hence, MSC-derived extracellular vesicles may be used as an alternative MSC-based therapy in regenerative medicine. In this review we discuss MSC-derived extracellular vesicles and their therapeutic potential in various diseases.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）是多能干细胞，在再生医学领域受到广泛关注。MSCs 的分化潜能和旁分泌特性使它们成为组织修复的关键选择。MSCs 的旁分泌功能通过分泌可溶性因子和释放细胞外囊泡（如外泌体和微囊泡）来实现。细胞外囊泡主要来源于内体，包含 miRNA、mRNA 和蛋白质等 cargo，这些物质从原始细胞转移到靶细胞。最近有研究表明，细胞外囊泡本身就可以介导 MSCs 在多种动物疾病模型中的治疗效果。因此，MSC 来源的细胞外囊泡可作为再生医学中 MSC 治疗的替代方法。本文综述了 MSC 来源的细胞外囊泡及其在各种疾病中的治疗潜力。
