Environmental Science & Technology Group (ESTg), Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, School of Engineering & Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan; The Environment & Resource Efficiency Cluster (EREC), Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan.
Water Technology Center (WATEC), Aarhus University, Denmark; School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, UK.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2020 Feb;276:102088. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.102088. Epub 2019 Dec 16.
The physical and chemical attributes of cryogels, such as the macroporosity, elasticity, water permeability and ease of chemical modification have attracted strong research interest in a variety of areas, such as water purification, catalysis, regenerative medicine, biotechnology, bioremediation and biosensors. Cryogels have shown high removal efficiency and selectivity for heavy metals, nutrients, and toxic dyes from aqueous solutions but there are challenges when scaling up from lab to commercial scale applications. This paper represents an overview of the most recent advances in the use of cryogels for the removal of heavy metals from water and attempts to fill the gap in the literature by deepening the understanding on the mechanisms involved, which strongly depend on the initial monomer composition and post-modification agent precursors used in synthesis. The review also describes the advantages of cryogels over other adsorbents and covers synthesis and characterization methods such as SEM/EDS, TEM, FTIR, zeta potential measurements, porosimetry, swelling and mechanical properties.
冷冻凝胶的物理和化学特性，如大孔性、弹性、水渗透性和易于化学修饰，在各种领域引起了强烈的研究兴趣，如水质净化、催化、再生医学、生物技术、生物修复和生物传感器。冷冻凝胶对水溶液中的重金属、营养物和有毒染料具有很高的去除效率和选择性，但在从实验室规模扩大到商业规模应用时存在挑战。本文综述了最近利用冷冻凝胶去除水中重金属的最新进展，并试图通过深入了解所涉及的机制来填补文献中的空白，这些机制强烈依赖于合成中使用的初始单体组成和后修饰剂前体。本文还介绍了冷冻凝胶相对于其他吸附剂的优势，并涵盖了合成和表征方法，如 SEM/EDS、TEM、FTIR、Zeta 电位测量、孔隙率、溶胀和机械性能。
