Jaffe Anna E, Hahn Christine K, Gilmore Amanda K
University of Washington.
Medical University of South Carolina.
Psychol Women Q. 2019 Dec;43(4):485-493. doi: 10.1177/0361684319845099. Epub 2019 May 7.
In the early aftermath of a sexual assault, survivors often experience symptoms of distress including reexperiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms. However, less is known about associations between rape characteristics and the nature of early reactions. We designed the current study to examine the unique and combined associations between force and substances during rape on acute stress symptoms. Participants were 56 women (ages 18 to 58) who completed a sexual assault medical forensic exam in the emergency department within 120 hours of the rape and then completed a follow-up clinical phone screening within 30 days of the forensic exam. Follow-up assessments included characteristics of the recent rape (force, substances), history of prior sexual assault, demographics, and symptoms of acute stress. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that, after controlling for prior sexual assault, sexual orientation, and race/ethnicity, there were no significant differences on any symptom cluster by rape type. However, this study involved a small, difficult-to-reach sample and, therefore, was only powered to detect large effect sizes. We encourage more research examining potentially unique, early symptom presentations for substance-involved rapes.
在性侵犯发生后的早期,幸存者常常会经历痛苦症状,包括反复体验、回避和过度警觉症状。然而,对于强奸特征与早期反应性质之间的关联了解较少。我们开展了本研究,以考察强奸过程中暴力和药物使用与急性应激症状之间的独特关联及综合关联。研究参与者为56名女性(年龄在18至58岁之间),她们在强奸发生后的120小时内在急诊科完成了性侵犯医学法医检查,然后在法医检查后的30天内完成了一次后续临床电话筛查。后续评估包括近期强奸的特征(暴力、药物使用)、既往性侵犯史、人口统计学信息以及急性应激症状。多变量回归分析显示,在控制了既往性侵犯、性取向和种族/民族因素后,不同强奸类型在任何症状群上均无显著差异。然而,本研究样本量小且难以获取,因此仅具备检测大效应量的效能。我们鼓励开展更多研究,以考察药物相关强奸潜在的独特早期症状表现。