Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2024 Jan 3;102. doi: 10.1093/jas/skae261.
While soy products have long been included in animal diets for their macronutrient fractions, more recent work has focused on the immunomodulatory potential of bioactive components of this feedstuff. This comprehensive review aims to identify the current state of knowledge on minor soy fractions and their impact on the health and growth of pigs and broiler chickens to better direct future research. A total of 7,683 publications were screened, yet only 151 were included in the review after exclusion criteria were applied, with the majority (n = 87) of these studies conducted in pigs. In both species, antinutritional factors and carbohydrates, like stachyose and raffinose, were the most frequently studied categories of bioactive components. For both categories, most publications were evaluating ways to decrease the prevalence of the examined components in soy products, especially when fed at earlier ages. Overall, most studies evaluated the effect of the bioactive component on performance-related outcomes (n = 137), followed by microbial analysis (n = 38) and intestinal structure and integrity measures (n = 37). As they were analyzed in the majority of publications, antinutritional factors were also the most frequently investigated category in relation to each specific outcome. This trend did not hold true for microbiota- or antioxidant-associated outcomes, which were most often studied with carbohydrates or polyphenols, respectively. Changes to the host microbiota have the potential to modulate the immune system, feed intake, and social behaviors through the microbiota-gut-brain axis, though few publications measured behavior and brain characteristics as an outcome. Other identified gaps in research included the study of soy saponins, as most research focused on saponins derived from other plants, the study of phytosterols outside of their role in cardiovascular or reproductive outcomes, and the general examination of bioactive peptides. Overall, given soy's popularity as a current constituent of animal feed, additional research into these bioactive components may serve to define the value of soy products through their potential ability to support the productivity, health, and well-being of animals.
虽然大豆制品因其宏量营养素成分而长期被纳入动物饲料，但最近的研究工作侧重于这种饲料的生物活性成分的免疫调节潜力。本综述旨在确定目前关于大豆微量成分及其对猪和肉鸡健康和生长影响的知识状况，以便更好地指导未来的研究。共筛选出 7683 篇出版物，但在应用排除标准后，只有 151 篇被纳入综述，其中大多数（n=87）研究是在猪中进行的。在这两个物种中，抗营养因子和碳水化合物，如棉子糖和水苏糖，是研究最多的生物活性成分类别。对于这两个类别，大多数出版物都在评估减少大豆制品中被检查成分的流行的方法，特别是在早期喂养时。总的来说，大多数研究评估了生物活性成分对与性能相关的结果的影响（n=137），其次是微生物分析（n=38）和肠道结构和完整性测量（n=37）。由于它们在大多数出版物中被分析，抗营养因子也是与每个特定结果相关的最常被研究的类别。这种趋势不适用于与微生物群或抗氧化剂相关的结果，这些结果通常分别用碳水化合物或多酚进行研究。宿主微生物群的变化有可能通过微生物群-肠道-大脑轴调节免疫系统、饲料摄入和社会行为，尽管很少有出版物将行为和大脑特征作为结果进行测量。研究中的其他差距包括大豆皂甙的研究，因为大多数研究都集中在其他植物来源的皂甙上，植物甾醇在心血管或生殖结果之外的研究，以及生物活性肽的一般研究。总的来说，鉴于大豆作为当前动物饲料成分的普及，对这些生物活性成分的进一步研究可能有助于通过其支持动物生产力、健康和福祉的潜力来定义大豆产品的价值。
