Department of Nursing, Ruppin Academic Center, 4025000, Emek-Hefer, Israel.
Isr J Health Policy Res. 2019 Dec 31;9(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s13584-019-0360-2.
From the very onset, Israeli military nurses served in supporting positions on the front lines, shoulder to shoulder with men. When the IDF was established in 1948, nurses were sent to serve near areas of conflict and were not included in compulsory military service in field units. Once the military hospitals were closed in 1949, nursing in the Medical Corps lost a clear military purpose, and its main contribution was in the civilian arena. From 1949 until 2000, most recruited military nurses operated their mandatory service mainly in a civilian framework according to the integration agreement between the ministry of defense to the ministry of health. Between 2000 to 2018, military nurses served at home front military clinics and in headquarters jobs at the Medicine Corps. In2018, the Medical Corps decided to integrate military nurses into the Israeli military service in order to cope with the shortage of military physicians, among other things, and ensure appropriate availability of medical and health services for military units.. This study examines, for the first time, the considerations that led to the closure of military hospitals and the transfer of the military service of nurses in the IDF to the Ministry of Health in 1949 and the decision in 2018 to return the military nurses to the field's military battalions.
The study was based on an analysis of documents from the IDF archives, the Israeli parliament archive, the David Ben-Gurion archive, articles from periodical newspapers, and interviews with nurses and partners in the Israeli Medical Corps.
During almost 70 years, Israeli military nursing's main contribution was to the civilian hospitals. The return of nursing care to the IDF field units in recent years intended to supplement the medicine corps demands in field units by placing qualified academic nurses.
The removal of nursing care from the IDF field units was provided as a response to the needs of the health demands of the emerging state. Until 2018 there was no significant need for military nurses except in emergency time. This is in contrast to other military nursing units.
从一开始，以色列军队的护士就担任着前线的支援工作，与男兵并肩作战。1948 年以色列国防军成立时，护士被派往冲突地区服务，并且不被纳入野战军的强制兵役中。1949 年，当所有军医院关闭后，医疗军团的护理工作失去了明确的军事目的，其主要贡献在于民用领域。1949 年至 2000 年期间，根据国防部与卫生部之间的整合协议，大多数应征入伍的军队护士主要在民用框架内服完强制性兵役。2000 年至 2018 年，军队护士在本土前线军事诊所和医疗军团总部任职。2018 年，医疗军团决定将军队护士纳入以色列军队服务，以应对军医短缺等问题，并确保军队单位获得适当的医疗和保健服务。本研究首次考察了导致 1949 年关闭军医院以及将以色列国防军护士的军事服务转移到卫生部的考虑因素，以及 2018 年决定将军队护士重新调回野战军营的决定。
该研究基于对以色列国防军档案、以色列议会档案、大卫·本-古里安档案、期刊文章以及对以色列医疗军团护士和合作伙伴的采访的分析。
在近 70 年的时间里，以色列军队护士的主要贡献在于民用医院。近年来，将护理服务重新纳入以色列国防军野战部队，旨在通过安置合格的学术护士来补充野战部队的医学军团需求。
将护理服务从以色列国防军野战部队中撤出是为了满足新兴国家的卫生需求。直到 2018 年，除了紧急时期，军队都没有对护士有明显的需求。这与其他军队护士单位形成了鲜明对比。
