Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Turin, Regione Gonzole, 10 - 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2020 Feb;50:61-66. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.12.003. Epub 2019 Dec 30.
Exposure to air pollution - and particularly to particulate matter (PM) - is strongly associated with higher risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, poor mental health and cognitive defects. In animal models, disruption of CNS development and disturbances of adult neurogenesis contribute to PM neurotoxicity. Recent studies show that gestational PM exposure not only affects embryonic neurodevelopment, but also disturbs postnatal brain growth and maturation, by interfering with neurogenic/gliogenic events, myelination and synaptogenesis. Similarly, adult neurogenesis is affected at many levels, from neural stem cell amplification up to the maturation and integration of novel neurons in the adult brain parenchyma. The underlying mechanisms are still by and large unknown. Beyond microglia activation and neuroinflammation, recent studies propose a role for novel epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and extracellular vesicles-associated microRNAs.
暴露于空气污染 - 特别是颗粒物 (PM) - 与神经发育障碍、心理健康不良和认知缺陷的风险增加密切相关。在动物模型中，中枢神经系统发育的中断和成年神经发生的紊乱导致 PM 的神经毒性。最近的研究表明，妊娠期 PM 暴露不仅影响胚胎神经发育，而且通过干扰神经发生/神经胶质事件、髓鞘形成和突触发生，扰乱出生后的大脑生长和成熟。同样，成年神经发生在许多层面受到影响，从神经干细胞扩增到成年脑实质中新神经元的成熟和整合。其潜在机制在很大程度上仍不清楚。除了小胶质细胞激活和神经炎症外，最近的研究提出了新的表观遗传机制的作用，包括 DNA 甲基化和细胞外囊泡相关 microRNAs。
