Parasitology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2020 Jan 2;33(2). doi: 10.1128/CMR.00083-18. Print 2020 Mar 18.
Increases in tick-borne disease prevalence and transmission are important public health issues. Efforts to control these emerging diseases are frustrated by the struggle to control tick populations and to detect and treat infections caused by the pathogens that they transmit. This review covers tick-borne infectious diseases of nonrickettsial bacterial, parasitic, and viral origins. While tick surveillance and tracking inform our understanding of the importance of the spread and ecology of ticks and help identify areas of risk for disease transmission, the vectors are not the focus of this document. Here, we emphasize the most significant pathogens that infect humans as well as the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases that they cause. Although detection via molecular or immunological methods has improved, tick-borne diseases continue to remain underdiagnosed, making the scope of the problem difficult to assess. Our current understanding of the incidence of tick-borne diseases is discussed in this review. An awareness of the diseases that can be transmitted by ticks in specific locations is key to detection and selection of appropriate treatment. As tick-transmitted pathogens are discovered and emerge in new geographic regions, our ability to detect, describe, and understand the growing public health threat must also grow to meet the challenge.
蜱传疾病的流行和传播增加是重要的公共卫生问题。控制这些新发疾病的努力受到控制蜱种群以及检测和治疗它们传播的病原体感染的困难所阻碍。本文综述了非立克次体细菌、寄生虫和病毒来源的蜱传传染病。虽然蜱监测和追踪有助于我们了解蜱的传播和生态学的重要性，并有助于确定疾病传播的风险区域，但这些媒介并不是本文的重点。在这里，我们强调了感染人类的最重要的病原体，以及它们引起的疾病的流行病学、临床特征、诊断和治疗。尽管通过分子或免疫学方法进行检测已经有所改善，但蜱传疾病仍未得到充分诊断，使得难以评估问题的严重程度。本文讨论了我们目前对蜱传疾病发病率的理解。了解特定地区可通过蜱传播的疾病对于检测和选择适当的治疗方法至关重要。随着在新的地理区域发现和出现蜱传病原体，我们发现、描述和理解不断增长的公共卫生威胁的能力也必须增强，以迎接挑战。
