Shlim David R
Jackson Hole Travel and Tropical Medicine, Jackson Hole, WY, USA.
J Travel Med. 2020 Sep 26;27(6). doi: 10.1093/jtm/taz106.
Modern travel means that many travellers can arrive abruptly to high-altitude destinations without doing any trekking or climbing. Airports in high-altitude cities mean that travellers can go from sea level to over 3350-3960 m (11 000-13 000 feet) in a matter of hours, putting themselves at risk for high-altitude illness (HAI).
Acetazolamide has been shown to be an effective way to help prevent HAI on such itineraries. The risk of HAI on rapid arrival to altitudes over 3350 m (11 000 feet) has been shown to range from 35% to nearly 50%. The risk can be higher for high-altitude trekking. This risk is far higher than most travel medicine risks and is on a par with the risk of travellers' diarrhea in high risk destinations.
The use of prophylactic acetazolamide in a dosage of 125 mg every 12 h is highly effective at diminishing the risk of HAI.
Travel medicine practitioners should become comfortable with assessing the risk of HAI and determining when it is appropriate to offer acetazolamide prophylaxis to prevent HAI.
现代旅行方式意味着许多旅行者无需进行任何徒步或登山活动就能突然抵达高海拔目的地。高海拔城市的机场使得旅行者能够在数小时内从海平面上升至3350 - 3960米（11000 - 13000英尺）以上，从而使自己面临患高原病（HAI）的风险。
乙酰唑胺已被证明是帮助预防此类行程中高原病的有效方法。迅速抵达海拔超过3350米（11000英尺）的地区时患高原病的风险已被证明在35%至近50%之间。对于高海拔徒步旅行，该风险可能更高。这种风险远高于大多数旅行医学风险，与高风险目的地旅行者腹泻的风险相当。
每12小时服用125毫克预防性乙酰唑胺能有效降低患高原病的风险。
旅行医学从业者应熟练掌握评估高原病风险以及确定何时适合提供乙酰唑胺预防措施以预防高原病。
