Eben Charlotte, Koch Iring, Jolicoeur Pierre, Nolden Sophie
Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2020 May;82(4):1835-1846. doi: 10.3758/s13414-019-01909-y.
We studied negative priming (NP) in auditory attention switching. In a cued variant of dichotic listening, two spoken number words were presented, one to each ear, one spoken by a female, and one spoken by a male voice. A visual cue indicated whether the male or female voice was the target. A numerical magnitude judgement of the target number was required. The selection criterion could either switch or repeat across trials, so there were attention switch and repetition trials. Two experiments examined NP (distractor becomes target) and also included a "competitor priming" (CP) condition (target becomes distractor), relative to a "no priming" condition (target and distractor not related to previous trial). In Experiment 1, we investigated the basic priming effects. In Experiment 2, we additionally varied the response-cue interval (RCI; 100 ms vs. 1,900 ms) to examine time-related changes in priming. We found longer response times (RT) for switch trials compared with repetition trials (attention switch costs)-that is, when the internal processing context changed. In addition, we found longer RT for NP trials as well as reduced switch costs in long RCI, suggesting that previously relevant attentional settings dissipate over longer time. However, NP was not influenced by attention switches, and it was also not affected by RCI. Hence, NP in auditory attention switching does not seem strongly context or time sensitive.
我们研究了听觉注意力转换中的负启动效应（NP）。在双耳分听的线索化变体实验中，向两只耳朵分别呈现两个口头数字单词，一个由女性说出，另一个由男性说出。一个视觉线索指示男性或女性声音哪个是目标。要求对目标数字进行数值大小判断。选择标准可以在不同试验中切换或重复，因此存在注意力切换和重复试验。两项实验研究了负启动效应（干扰项变为目标），并且相对于“无启动”条件（目标和干扰项与先前试验无关）还包括“竞争启动”（CP）条件（目标变为干扰项）。在实验1中，我们研究了基本的启动效应。在实验2中，我们还改变了反应-线索间隔（RCI；100毫秒与1900毫秒），以研究启动效应中与时间相关的变化。我们发现，与重复试验相比，切换试验的反应时间（RT）更长（注意力切换成本）——也就是说，当内部处理情境发生变化时。此外，我们发现负启动效应试验的反应时间更长，并且在长反应-线索间隔条件下切换成本降低，这表明先前相关的注意力设置在更长时间内会消散。然而，负启动效应不受注意力切换的影响，也不受反应-线索间隔的影响。因此，听觉注意力转换中的负启动效应似乎对情境或时间不太敏感。
