González-Cabrera Joaquín, Machimbarrena Juan M, Beranuy Marta, Pérez-Rodríguez Priscila, Fernández-González Liria, Calvete Esther
Faculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Avenida de la Paz, 137, 26006 Logroño, Spain.
Faculty of Psychology, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Avenida de Tolosa, 70, 20018 Donostia, Spain.
J Clin Med. 2020 Jan 2;9(1):120. doi: 10.3390/jcm9010120.
Gambling disorder is of great clinical and social relevance since it seriously affects people who suffer from it. More recently, the Internet has exacerbated the problem with online casinos, poker, and sports betting. However, there is little evidence of this problem, and we know of no diagnostic questionnaire. The main objectives of this study were to develop the Online Gambling Disorder Questionnaire (OGD-Q) for adolescents, evaluate its main psychometric properties, and establish diagnostic criteria to differentiate pathological from non-pathological online gamblers. We conducted a study in 16 schools across seven regions of Spain, sampling 2691 adolescents, 883 of whom had reported some online gambling experience. Of those, 602 were boys (68.2%) and 281 were girls (31.8%) Sampling was non-probabilistic and incidental. Mean age and standard deviation were 14.25 ± 1.55 (11-19 years). Confirmatory factor analysis yielded a one-dimensional model with a good fit. The reliability indicators were satisfactory (>0.94). The scores on the OGD-Q were related to other constructs, such as Internet gaming disorder, problematic Internet use, and nomophobia. Participants classified as having problems or being at risk of online gambling disorder presented significantly more stress, anxiety, and depression. Participants categorized as having online gambling disorder comprised 0.89% ( = 24) of the total sample and 2.71% of those who have gambled at some time. We discuss these findings and their practical implications in this article and propose future lines of research.
赌博障碍具有重大的临床和社会意义，因为它会严重影响受其困扰的人群。最近，互联网因在线赌场、扑克和体育博彩而加剧了这一问题。然而，关于这个问题的证据很少，而且我们也不知道有诊断问卷。本研究的主要目的是为青少年开发在线赌博障碍问卷（OGD-Q），评估其主要心理测量特性，并建立诊断标准以区分病理性和非病理性在线赌徒。我们在西班牙七个地区的16所学校开展了一项研究，对2691名青少年进行抽样，其中883人报告有过一些在线赌博经历。在这些人中，602名是男孩（68.2%），281名是女孩（31.8%）。抽样是非概率性的且是偶然的。平均年龄和标准差为14.25±1.55（11 - 19岁）。验证性因素分析得出一个拟合良好的一维模型。可靠性指标令人满意（>0.94）。OGD-Q的得分与其他构念相关，如网络游戏障碍、问题性互联网使用和无手机恐惧症。被归类为有问题或有在线赌博障碍风险的参与者表现出明显更多的压力、焦虑和抑郁。被归类为有在线赌博障碍的参与者占总样本的0.89%（=24人），占曾在某个时候赌博者的2.71%。我们在本文中讨论了这些发现及其实际意义，并提出了未来的研究方向。
