Department of Plant Protection, Federal Univ of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
Research Center for Family Agriculture, Agricultural Research and Rural Extension Company of Santa Catarina (EPAGRI/CEPAF), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil.
Neotrop Entomol. 2020 Apr;49(2):292-301. doi: 10.1007/s13744-019-00747-9. Epub 2020 Jan 6.
The present study evaluated the lethal toxicity and oviposition deterrence of ethanolic extracts of Annona mucosa Jacq., Annona muricata L., and Annona sylvatica A. St.-Hil on Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) compared with those of a limonoid-based bioinsecticide (Azamax™ 1.2 EC-azadiractin +3-tigloyl-azadiractol) and a synthetic spinosyn-based insecticide (Delegate™ 250 WG-spinetoram). In addition, the efficacy of the selected toxic bait formulations was evaluated by mixing them with food attractants (Anamed™, 3% Biofruit and 7% sugarcane molasses). In the topical application and ingestion bioassays (2000 mg L), the aqueous emulsion of the A. mucosa extract caused greater than 80% mortality of A. fraterculus adults in a similar manner to the spinosyn-based synthetic insecticide. Concentration-response curves were performed for the most promising treatments and showed an activity level dependent on the mode of contamination, exposure time, and applied concentration. In bioassays with and without choice, the A. mucosa (77%), A. muricata (51%), A. sylvatica (60%), Azamax™ (74%), and Delegate™ 250 WG (100%) significantly reduced the number of punctures and galleries in grape berries. In combination with the food attractants Anamed™, 3% Biofruit, and 7% sugarcane molasses, the emulsion of the A. mucosa extract had a residual effect similar to that of the spinetoram insecticide, with a mortality rate of over 80% of A. fraterculus adults up to 14 days after application (DAA) in the absence of rain. Thus, acetogenin-rich formulations, especially from A. mucosa seeds, are useful alternatives for the integrated management of A. fraterculus in agricultural orchards.
本研究评估了乙醇提取物对安诺那摩斯卡（Annona mucosa Jacq.）、安诺那木拉卡（Annona muricata L.）和安诺那西尔瓦提卡（Annona sylvatica A. St.-Hil）的致死毒性和产卵驱避作用，与基于柠檬苦素的生物杀虫剂（Azamax™ 1.2 EC-azadiractin +3-tigloyl-azadiractol）和基于合成螺旋体的杀虫剂（Delegate™ 250 WG-spinetoram）进行了比较。此外，还通过将选定的毒饵配方与食物引诱剂（Anamed™，3%Biofruit 和 7%甘蔗蜜）混合，评估了它们的效果。在局部应用和摄食生物测定（2000mg/L）中，A. mucosa 提取物的水乳液以类似于基于螺旋体的合成杀虫剂的方式导致 A. fraterculus 成虫死亡率超过 80%。对最有前途的处理方法进行了浓度-反应曲线，结果表明其活性水平取决于污染方式、暴露时间和应用浓度。在有选择和无选择的生物测定中，A. mucosa（77%）、A. muricata（51%）、A. sylvatica（60%）、Azamax™（74%）和 Delegate™ 250 WG（100%）显著减少了葡萄浆果上的刺伤和刻槽数量。与食物引诱剂 Anamed™、3%Biofruit 和 7%甘蔗蜜混合后，A. mucosa 提取物乳液具有类似于 spinetoram 杀虫剂的残留效果，在无雨的情况下，A. fraterculus 成虫的死亡率超过 80%，直至应用后 14 天（DAA）。因此，富含丙二酰基化合物的制剂，特别是来自 A. mucosa 种子的制剂，是农业果园中综合管理 A. fraterculus 的有用替代品。
