Ribeiro Leandro do Prado, Zanardi Odimar Zanuzo, Vendramim José Djair, Yamamoto Pedro Takao
Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Agronomia, Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP 13418-900, Brazil,
Exp Appl Acarol. 2014;64(1):87-98. doi: 10.1007/s10493-014-9810-2. Epub 2014 Apr 3.
Acetogenins, a class of natural compounds produced by some Annonaceae species, are potent inhibitors of mitochondrial electron transport systems. Although the cellular respiration processes are an important biochemical site for the acaricidal action of compounds, few studies have been performed to assess the bioactivity of acetogenin-based biopesticides on spider mites, mainly against species that occur in orchards. Using residual contact bioassays, this study aimed to evaluate the bioactivity of an ethanolic extract from Annona mucosa seeds (ESAM) (Annonaceae) against the citrus red mite Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae), an important pest of the Brazilian citriculture. ESAM is a homemade biopesticide which was previously characterized by its high concentration of acetogenins. It caused both high mortality of P. citri females (LC50 = 7,295, 4,662, 3,463, and 2,608 mg l(-1), after 48, 72, 96, and 120 h of exposure, respectively) and significant oviposition deterrence (EC50 = 3.194,80 mg l(-1)). However, there was no effect on P. citri female fertility (hatching rate). In addition, the ESAM efficacy (in terms of its LC90) was compared with commercial acaricides/insecticides (at its recommended rate) of both natural [Anosom(®) 1 EC (annonin), Derisom(®) 2 EC (karanjin), and Azamax(®) 1.2 EC (azadirachtin + 3-tigloylazadirachtol)] and synthetic origin [Envidor(®) 24 SC (spirodiclofen)]. Based on all of the analyzed variables, the ESAM exhibited levels of activity superior to other botanical commercial acaricides and similar to spirodiclofen. Thus, our results indicate that ESAM may constitute a biorational acaricide for citrus red mite integrated pest management in Brazilian citrus orchards, particularly for local use.
番荔枝内酯是由某些番荔枝科植物产生的一类天然化合物，是线粒体电子传递系统的有效抑制剂。尽管细胞呼吸过程是化合物杀螨作用的一个重要生化位点，但很少有研究评估基于番荔枝内酯的生物农药对叶螨的生物活性，主要是针对果园中出现的叶螨种类。本研究采用残留接触生物测定法，旨在评估番荔枝（Annonaceae）种子乙醇提取物（ESAM）对巴西柑橘种植业重要害虫柑橘红蜘蛛（Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae)）的生物活性。ESAM是一种自制生物农药，此前已鉴定其含有高浓度的番荔枝内酯。它导致柑橘红蜘蛛雌螨的高死亡率（分别在暴露48、72、96和120小时后，LC50 = 7295、4662、3463和2608 mg l(-1)）以及显著的产卵抑制作用（EC50 = 3.19480 mg l(-1)）。然而，对柑橘红蜘蛛雌螨的繁殖力（孵化率）没有影响。此外，将ESAM的药效（以其LC90表示）与天然来源[Anosom(®) 1 EC（annonin）、Derisom(®) 2 EC（karanjin）和Azamax(®) 1.2 EC（印楝素 + 3 - 惕各酰印楝醇）]和合成来源[Envidor(®) 24 SC（螺螨酯）]的商业杀螨剂/杀虫剂（按推荐剂量）进行了比较。基于所有分析变量，ESAM表现出优于其他植物源商业杀螨剂的活性水平，且与螺螨酯相似。因此，我们的结果表明，ESAM可能构成巴西柑橘果园柑橘红蜘蛛综合害虫管理的一种生物合理杀螨剂，特别是供当地使用。
