Klaps Joon, Lievens Bart, Álvarez-Pérez Sergio
Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME & BIM), KU Leuven, Willem De Croylaan 46, Leuven, 3001 Belgium.
Fungal Biol Biotechnol. 2020 Jan 8;7:1. doi: 10.1186/s40694-019-0091-8. eCollection 2020.
Flowers offer a wide variety of substrates suitable for fungal growth. However, the mycological study of flowers has only recently begun to be systematically addressed from an ecological point of view. Most research on the topic carried out during the last decade has focused on studying the prevalence and diversity of flower-inhabiting yeasts, describing new species retrieved from floral parts and animal pollinators, and the use of select nectar yeasts as model systems to test ecological hypotheses. In this primer article, we summarize the current state of the art in floral nectar mycology and provide an overview of some research areas that, in our view, still require further attention, such as the influence of fungal volatile organic compounds on the foraging behavior of pollinators and other floral visitors, the analysis of the direct and indirect effects of nectar-inhabiting fungi on the fitness of plants and animals, and the nature and consequences of fungal-bacterial interactions taking place within flowers.
花朵提供了多种适合真菌生长的基质。然而，从生态学角度对花朵进行真菌学研究直到最近才开始得到系统的探讨。过去十年里，关于这一主题的大多数研究都集中在研究栖息于花朵的酵母的流行情况和多样性，描述从花部和动物传粉者中分离出的新物种，以及利用特定的花蜜酵母作为模型系统来检验生态学假设。在这篇入门文章中，我们总结了花蜜真菌学的当前研究现状，并概述了一些我们认为仍需进一步关注的研究领域，例如真菌挥发性有机化合物对传粉者和其他访花者觅食行为的影响、花蜜真菌对植物和动物适合度的直接和间接影响分析，以及花朵内真菌与细菌相互作用的性质和后果。
