Smail Harem Othman
Department of Biology, Faculty of science and health, Koya University Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region-F.R. Iraq.
AIMS Genet. 2019 Dec 24;6(4):88-97. doi: 10.3934/genet.2019.4.88. eCollection 2019.
The aims of this review were to understand the roles of bitter taste genes in humans. Some of the peoples have the capacity to taste some chemical substance such as phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) while others cant not based on the dietary hazards and food preferences. There are two alleles responsible to express these phenotypes which are homozygous recessive. In human TAS2R38 genes located on the chromosome number 7 and consist of different nucleotide polymorphism that related to detection of the phenotype of different chemical compounds such as 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) and phenylthiocarbamide bitterness and this Gene is the member of the TAS2R genes which are eleven pseudogenes and twenty that has roles in many biological processes. There are many factors that affect the bitter taste such as food, age, sex, and different diseases. The mechanism of food bitter taste and genotype of TAS2R38 until know not well understood due to that the proof of relation between bitter taste sensitivity and food is harmful. there are many different diseases can impact the influence of taste such as neoplasm and lifestyle such as consumption of alcohol along with the use of medication, head trauma, upper tract infections. On the other hand, A relation between TAS2R38 genotype and meal preferences has been observed among children, however, no associations have been mentioned among older adults. Some previous research proved some vital points that show an association between type 1 of diabetes and phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) but other studies cannot demonstrate that. However, of other disease such as obesity is controversial but other studies reported to the relationship between them.
本综述的目的是了解苦味基因在人类中的作用。基于饮食危害和食物偏好，一些人有能力尝出某些化学物质，如苯硫脲（PTC），而另一些人则不能。有两个等位基因负责表达这些纯合隐性表型。在人类中，TAS2R38基因位于7号染色体上，由不同的核苷酸多态性组成，这些多态性与检测不同化合物的表型有关，如6-正丙基硫氧嘧啶（PROP）和苯硫脲的苦味，该基因是TAS2R基因家族的成员，TAS2R基因家族中有11个假基因和20个在许多生物学过程中起作用的基因。有许多因素会影响苦味，如食物、年龄、性别和不同疾病。由于苦味敏感性与食物之间的关系尚无确凿证据，食物苦味的机制和TAS2R38的基因型至今仍未得到很好的理解。有许多不同的疾病会影响味觉，如肿瘤，以及生活方式，如饮酒、用药、头部外伤、上呼吸道感染。另一方面，在儿童中观察到TAS2R38基因型与饮食偏好之间存在关联，然而，在老年人中未提及有任何关联。一些先前的研究证明了一些关键点，表明1型糖尿病与苯硫脲（PTC）之间存在关联，但其他研究无法证实这一点。然而，对于其他疾病，如肥胖症，情况存在争议，但其他研究报道了它们之间的关系。
