Heilmann Kristina, Hinrichs Richard, Herke Max, Richter Matthias, Rathmann Katharina
Institut für Medizinische Soziologie (IMS), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale).
Fachbereich Pflege und Gesundheit, Hochschule Fulda, Fulda.
Gesundheitswesen. 2021 Jan;83(1):8-16. doi: 10.1055/a-1068-2280. Epub 2020 Jan 10.
The role of personality traits in self-rated health and well-being of adolescents has barely been studied in Germany so far. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between the Big Five personality traits and self-reported health as well as life satisfaction of adolescents in Germany.
The study data are based on the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), starting cohort 3 (wave 3, 2012). This sample includes (n=5,440) 7 grade adolescents in regular schools. Personality traits were measured by the Big Five-Inventory (BFI-10): Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, Openness. Statistical analyses were carried out using bivariate methods and binary-logistic multilevel models, taking into account individuals nested in school classes and schools.
Adolescents with pronounced neuroticism had a higher risk of both poor self-rated health (OR: 1.33) and low life satisfaction (OR: 1.46). In contrast, adolescents with high levels of conscientiousness had a reduced risk of poor health (OR: 0.72) and low life satisfaction (OR: 0.59). High levels of extraversion (OR: 0.78) and agreeableness (OR: 0.72) also correlated with higher life satisfaction, but not with better self-reported health. The characteristic of openness was not associated with either self-reported health or the life satisfaction of adolescents.
The results suggest that certain personality traits, namely the Big Five can be important indicators of health and life satisfaction of adolescents in early adolescence. However, further studies are needed to assess the link between the Big Five and its generalizability to other age groups.
到目前为止，在德国，人格特质对青少年自评健康和幸福感的作用几乎尚未得到研究。本研究的目的是分析德国青少年的大五人格特质与自我报告的健康状况以及生活满意度之间的关联。
研究数据基于国家教育面板研究（NEPS），起始队列3（2012年第3波）。该样本包括（n = 5440）普通学校的7年级青少年。人格特质通过大五人格量表（BFI - 10）进行测量：外向性、宜人性、尽责性、神经质、开放性。统计分析采用双变量方法和二元逻辑多水平模型，同时考虑嵌套在班级和学校中的个体。
神经质特征明显的青少年自评健康状况差（比值比：1.33）和生活满意度低（比值比：1.46）的风险更高。相比之下，尽责性水平高的青少年健康状况差（比值比：0.72）和生活满意度低（比值比：0.59）的风险降低。外向性（比值比：0.78）和宜人性（比值比：0.72）水平高也与更高的生活满意度相关，但与自我报告的更好健康状况无关。开放性特征与青少年的自我报告健康状况或生活满意度均无关联。
结果表明，某些人格特质，即大五人格特质可能是青少年早期健康和生活满意度的重要指标。然而，需要进一步研究来评估大五人格特质之间的联系及其对其他年龄组的普遍性。
