Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, P.O. Box 122, FI-96101 Rovaniemi, Finland; Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, P.O. Box 122, FI-96101 Rovaniemi, Finland.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Mar 25;710:136229. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136229. Epub 2019 Dec 27.
We studied interannual variability and changes over time in selected climate indices in the reindeer management area (RMA) in northern Finland. We present together the knowledge possessed by reindeer herders with information from meteorological measurements over three decades. The practitioner knowledge was gathered via a survey questionnaire addressing herder observations of long-term changes (approximately during the past 30 years) in climatic conditions and their impacts on herding during the four seasons. A set of temperature-, precipitation- and snow-related indices relevant for herding within the RMA was derived from spatially interpolated daily meteorological data (1981-2010). Climatic changes detected based on the measurement data were mainly consistent with earlier studies, and practitioner knowledge was generally in line with the meteorological data. The herders had experienced the largest number of changes during the winter, and the smallest number of changes during the summer. The herders reported various impacts of changing seasonal weather on reindeer condition and behavior, and on herding practices. Adaptation to the changing conditions requires adoption of various coping strategies by the herders in their everyday work, continuous development of professional techniques and practices, as well as support received from the governance of reindeer management. We conclude that holistic understanding of the impacts of climate change and adaptation to changes in the future requires simultaneous analyses of data from different sources, more research co-defined with local practitioners, and co-planned governance solutions. The approach presented in this work can ease the dialogue between the local practitioners, researchers and policy makers.
我们研究了芬兰北部驯鹿管理区（RMA）选定气候指数的年际变化和随时间的变化。我们将驯鹿牧民的知识与过去三十年的气象测量信息结合在一起。通过问卷调查，收集了牧民对长期气候变化（大约过去 30 年）的观察结果，以及这些变化对四季放牧的影响。从空间插值的每日气象数据（1981-2010 年）中得出了一套与 RMA 内放牧相关的温度、降水和雪相关指数。基于测量数据检测到的气候变化主要与早期研究一致，牧民的知识通常与气象数据一致。牧民在冬季经历的变化最多，在夏季经历的变化最少。牧民报告了季节变化对驯鹿状况和行为以及放牧实践的各种影响。适应不断变化的条件需要牧民在日常工作中采取各种应对策略，不断发展专业技术和实践，并得到驯鹿管理的支持。我们的结论是，全面了解气候变化的影响并为未来的变化做好准备，需要同时分析来自不同来源的数据，更多地与当地牧民共同定义研究，并共同规划治理解决方案。本研究提出的方法可以促进当地牧民、研究人员和政策制定者之间的对话。
