CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China; Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2020 Apr 20;99:109863. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109863. Epub 2020 Jan 10.
Previous studies have shown that cognitive impairment plays a key role in suicide, an important factor leading to premature death in schizophrenia (SCZ) patients. Empathy has received extensive attention recently; however, the relationship of empathy with suicide in schizophrenia is still unknown. The main aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of suicide attempts and its association with empathy and other characteristics in Chinese chronic SCZ patients.
The suicide attempt data, together with demographic characteristics and clinical variables were collected from 627 chronic inpatients with schizophrenia. We utilized the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for the psychopathological symptoms, and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) for affective and cognitive empathy in this study.
We found a suicide attempt rate of 11.3% in chronic SCZ patients. Compared to non-attempters, suicide attempters were more likely to be women, had younger age and higher education levels, as well as higher positive symptoms and depressive factor score, but lower negative symptoms of PANSS (all p < .05). Moreover, after controlling the confounding factors, suicide attempters scored higher in Personal Distress subscale of IRI (F = 5.446, p = .020) than non-attempters.
The prevalence of suicide attempt is high in chronic SCZ patients. Its risk factors include some demographic and clinical variables. Moreover, suicide attempters experienced stronger personal distress, suggesting that stronger empathy may be a risk factor of suicide.
先前的研究表明，认知障碍在自杀中起着关键作用，是导致精神分裂症（SCZ）患者过早死亡的重要因素。同理心最近受到了广泛关注；然而，同理心与精神分裂症自杀之间的关系尚不清楚。本研究的主要目的是调查中国慢性 SCZ 患者自杀未遂的发生率及其与同理心和其他特征的关系。
从 627 名慢性精神分裂症住院患者中收集自杀未遂数据以及人口统计学特征和临床变量。我们在这项研究中使用阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）评估精神病理学症状，使用人际反应指数（IRI）评估情感和认知同理心。
我们发现慢性 SCZ 患者的自杀未遂率为 11.3%。与非未遂者相比，未遂者更可能是女性，年龄较小，教育程度较高，阳性症状和抑郁因子评分较高，但 PANSS 的阴性症状较低（均 p<.05）。此外，在控制混杂因素后，IRI 的个人痛苦子量表上，未遂者的得分高于非未遂者（F=5.446，p=.020）。
慢性 SCZ 患者的自杀未遂发生率较高。其危险因素包括一些人口统计学和临床变量。此外，自杀未遂者经历了更强的个人痛苦，这表明更强的同理心可能是自杀的一个危险因素。
