Briski Elizabeta, Chan Farrah T, Darling John A, Lauringson Velda, MacIsaac Hugh J, Zhan Aibin, Bailey Sarah A
GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Burlington, Canada.
Front Ecol Environ. 2018;16(6):345-353. doi: 10.1002/fee.1820.
Biological invasions are largely considered to be a "numbers game", wherein the larger the introduction effort, the greater the probability that an introduced population will become established. However, conditions during transport - an early stage of the invasion - can be particularly harsh, thereby greatly reducing the size of a population available to establish in a new region. Some successful non-indigenous species are more tolerant of environmental and anthropogenic stressors than related native species, possibly stemming from selection (ie survival of only pre-adapted individuals for particular environmental conditions) during the invasion process. By reviewing current literature concerning population genetics and consequences of selection on population fitness, we propose that selection acting on transported populations can facilitate local adaptation, which may result in a greater likelihood of invasion than predicted by propagule pressure alone. Specifically, we suggest that detailed surveys should be conducted to determine interactions between molecular mechanisms and demographic factors, given that current management strategies may underestimate invasion risk.
生物入侵在很大程度上被视为一场“数量游戏”，即引入的规模越大，引入的种群在新区域定殖的可能性就越大。然而，运输过程（入侵的早期阶段）中的条件可能特别恶劣，从而大大减少了可在新区域定殖的种群规模。一些成功的非本地物种比相关本地物种更能耐受环境和人为压力源，这可能源于入侵过程中的选择（即只有预先适应特定环境条件的个体才能存活）。通过回顾当前关于种群遗传学以及选择对种群适应性影响的文献，我们提出作用于运输种群的选择可以促进局部适应，这可能导致入侵的可能性比仅由繁殖体压力预测的更大。具体而言，我们建议应进行详细调查，以确定分子机制与种群统计学因素之间的相互作用，因为当前的管理策略可能低估了入侵风险。
