Harding R M, Sokal R R
Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794-5245.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(23):9370-2. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.23.9370.
Genetic distances among speakers of the European language families were computed by using gene-frequency data for human blood group antigens, enzymes, and proteins of 26 genetic systems. Each system was represented by a different subset of 3369 localities across Europe. By subjecting the matrix of distances to numerical taxonomic procedures, we obtained a grouping of the language families of Europe by their genetic distances as contrasted with their linguistic relationships. The resulting classification largely reflects geographic propinquity rather than linguistic origins. This is evidence for the primary importance of short-range interdemic gene flow in shaping the modern gene pools of Europe. Yet, some language families--i.e., Basque, Finnic (including Lappish), and Semitic (Maltese)--have distant genetic relationships with their geographic neighbors. These results indicate that European gene pools still reflect the remote origins of some ethnic units subsumed by these major linguistic groups.
利用人类血型抗原、酶以及26个遗传系统的蛋白质的基因频率数据，计算了欧洲语系使用者之间的遗传距离。每个系统由欧洲3369个地区的不同子集代表。通过对距离矩阵进行数值分类程序分析，我们根据遗传距离而非语言关系，对欧洲的语系进行了分组。所得分类在很大程度上反映的是地理上的接近程度，而非语言起源。这证明了短距离群体间基因流动在塑造欧洲现代基因库方面的首要重要性。然而，一些语系——即巴斯克语、芬兰语（包括拉普语）和闪米特语（马耳他语）——与其地理上的邻居有着较远的遗传关系。这些结果表明，欧洲基因库仍反映了这些主要语言群体所包含的一些族群的遥远起源。
