Institute for Active Health, Institutes of Interdisciplinary Research, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, 1-1 Nanjo Otani, Sogabe-cho, Kameoka-city, Kyoto 621-8555, Japan.
Nonprofit Organization Genki-up AGE Project, Kameoka-city, Kyoto 621-8555, Japan.
Nutrients. 2020 Jan 14;12(1):212. doi: 10.3390/nu12010212.
Sedentary/inactive lifestyle leads middle-aged and older adults to metabolic syndrome and frailty. Capsinoids from nonpungent chili pepper cultivar have been reported to reduce body fat mass, promote metabolism, and improve unidentified complaints of chills. Additionally, they have an anti-inflammation effect; therefore, we hypothesized that continuous oral ingestion of capsinoids alleviates age-related inflammation in the brain and improves the physical activity (PA) in middle-aged and older adults. In our double-blind human study, 69 participants (17 male, 52 female; mean age: 74.1 ± 7.7 years; range: 52-87 years) were administered either 9 mg of capsinoids which were extracted from pepper fruit variety CH-19 Sweet ( L.) (CP group), or a placebo (PL group) daily over a 3 month period. In an animal study, PA and inflammation-related mRNA expression in the brain were examined in 5-week (young) and 53-week (old) aged mice fed a diet with or without 0.3% dihydrocapsiate, a type of capsinoids, for 12 weeks. In a human study, capsinoids intake did not increase the amount of light-to-moderate PA less than 6.0 metabolic equivalents (METs) (CP: 103.0 ± 28.2 at baseline to 108.2 ± 28.3 at 12 weeks; PL: 104.6 ± 19.8 at baseline to 115.2 ± 23.6 at 12 weeks, METs × hour/week); however, in participants exhibiting an inactive lifestyle, it showed significant increase (CP: 84.5 ± 17.2 at baseline to 99.2 ± 24.9 at 12 weeks; PL: 99.7 ± 23.3 at baseline to 103.8 ± 21.9 at 12 weeks). The energy expenditure in physical activity also improved in the inactive CP group (CP: 481.2 ± 96.3 at baseline to 562.5 ± 145.5 at 12 weeks; PL: 536.8 ± 112.2 at baseline to 598.6 ± 127.6 at 12 weeks; kcal/day). In all participants, CP showed reduced waist circumference, percent body fat, and visceral fat volume; in addition, chills were eased in subjects aged 80 years and older. The older mice fed capsinoids showed increased locomotion activity, decreased inflammation, and oxidative stress in the brain. The results suggest that the continuous oral ingestion of capsinoids gains PA through anti-inflammation effect in the brain as well as reduces fat accumulation and chills in inactive and older humans.
久坐/不动的生活方式导致中年和老年人出现代谢综合征和虚弱。已报道，来自非辛辣辣椒品种的辣椒素可减少体脂肪量、促进新陈代谢，并改善发冷等不明原因的不适。此外，它具有抗炎作用；因此，我们假设持续口服辣椒素可减轻与年龄相关的大脑炎症，并改善中年和老年人的身体活动（PA）。在我们的双盲人体研究中，69 名参与者（17 名男性，52 名女性；平均年龄：74.1±7.7 岁；范围：52-87 岁）每天服用 9 毫克从辣椒果实品种 CH-19 Sweet（L.）中提取的辣椒素（CP 组）或安慰剂（PL 组），持续 3 个月。在一项动物研究中，检查了 5 周（年轻）和 53 周（年老）龄的给予含或不含 0.3%二氢辣椒素（一种辣椒素）饮食的老鼠的大脑中的 PA 和与炎症相关的 mRNA 表达，12 周。在人体研究中，CP 组的低至中等强度 PA（METs）量（CP：103.0±28.2 基线至 12 周时 108.2±28.3；PL：104.6±19.8 基线至 12 周时 115.2±23.6）没有增加，METs/小时/周）；然而，对于生活方式不活跃的参与者，它显示出显著增加（CP：84.5±17.2 基线至 12 周时 99.2±24.9；PL：99.7±23.3 基线至 12 周时 103.8±21.9）。CP 组的身体活动能量消耗也得到改善（CP：481.2±96.3 基线至 12 周时 562.5±145.5；PL：536.8±112.2 基线至 12 周时 598.6±127.6；kcal/天）。在所有参与者中，CP 显示出腰围、体脂肪百分比和内脏脂肪量减少；此外，80 岁及以上的受试者发冷症状得到缓解。给予辣椒素的老年老鼠表现出运动活动增加、大脑炎症和氧化应激减少。结果表明，持续口服辣椒素可通过大脑的抗炎作用增加 PA，并减少不活跃和老年人的脂肪堆积和发冷。
