School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jan 14;17(2):513. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17020513.
A severely cold climate has a significant impact on cardiovascular health, involving temperature, air environment, exercise and diet. Existing studies have revealed that green space, as an important health resource, may play a positive role in promoting cardiovascular health through the air environment and exercise. Studies focusing on the correlation between green space and cardiovascular health are rarely carried out in winter cities. The purpose of this paper is to take a winter city in China as an empirical case to explore the correlation between green space in a neighbourhood and cardiovascular health in a representative sample at the neighbourhood level, combining the results with Urban Residential Area Planning and Design Standards (GB50180-2018) in China and the existing research. The results showed that green space characteristics of a neighbourhood were related to cardiovascular disease and some of its risk factors. In neighbourhoods with a Green Space Ratio lower than 28%, residents had a higher risk of physical inactivity, overweight or obesity, hypertension and stroke. In neighbourhoods with a Green View Index lower than 15%, residents had a higher risk of physical inactivity, overweight/obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and stroke. A correlation was found between evergreen tree configuration type and the prevalence of overweight/obesity and hypertension. No correlation was found between the type of sports field and cardiovascular disease and its risk factors, except for hypertension. Residents' cardiovascular health scores also showed significant differences among neighbourhoods with different green space characteristics. Intervention efforts may benefit from emphasising the importance of improving the Green Space Ratio and Green View Index effectively in a neighbourhood to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
严寒气候对心血管健康有显著影响，涉及温度、空气环境、运动和饮食。现有研究表明，绿色空间作为重要的健康资源，可能通过空气环境和运动对促进心血管健康发挥积极作用。针对绿色空间与心血管健康之间相关性的研究在冬季城市中很少开展。本文以中国的一个冬季城市为例，旨在探讨社区绿色空间与代表性样本的心血管健康之间的相关性，结合中国的《城市居住区规划设计标准》（GB50180-2018）和现有研究。结果表明，社区的绿色空间特征与心血管疾病及其一些危险因素有关。在绿色空间比率低于 28%的社区，居民身体活动不足、超重或肥胖、高血压和中风的风险更高。在绿色视野指数低于 15%的社区，居民身体活动不足、超重/肥胖、高血压、血脂异常和中风的风险更高。常绿树种配置类型与超重/肥胖和高血压的患病率之间存在相关性。除高血压外，运动场类型与心血管疾病及其危险因素之间没有相关性。居民的心血管健康评分在不同绿色空间特征的社区之间也存在显著差异。干预措施可能受益于强调在社区内有效提高绿色空间比率和绿色视野指数的重要性，以降低心血管疾病的风险。
