Natural Macromolecules Team, Normal Graduate School, Department of Biology, University Cadi Ayyad, PO Box 575, Marrakech 40000, Morocco.
Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular, Faculty of Science and Technology of Marrakech, Department of Chemistry, Cadi Ayyad University, PO Box 549, Marrakech 40000, Morocco.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jan 14;21(2):535. doi: 10.3390/ijms21020535.
Nowadays, applying bio-organic fertilizer (e.g., chitosan, Ch) or integrating beneficial microorganisms (e.g., arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF) are among the successful strategies to promote plant growth. Here, the effect of two application modes of Ch (foliar spray or root treatment) and Ch-derived nanoparticles (NPs) on tomato plants colonized with the AMF were analyzed, thereby focusing on plant biomass, flowering and mycorrhization. An increase of shoot biomass and flower number was observed in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) plants sprayed with Ch. The interaction with AMF, however, was reduced as shown by decreased mycorrhization rates and AM-specific gene expression. To get insights into Ch effect on mycorrhization, levels of sugars, jasmonates, abscisic acid, and the expression of two chitinase-encoding genes were determined in mycorrhizal roots. Ch had no effect on sugar and phytohormone levels, but the reduced mycorrhization was correlated with down- and upregulated expression of and , respectively. In contrast, application of NPs to leaves and Ch applied to the soil did not show any effect, neither on mycorrhization rate nor on growth of mycorrhizal plants. Concluding, Ch application to leaves enhanced plant growth and flowering and reduced interaction with AMF, whereas root treatment did not affect these parameters.
如今，应用生物有机肥料（例如壳聚糖，Ch）或整合有益微生物（例如丛枝菌根真菌，AMF）是促进植物生长的成功策略之一。在这里，分析了 Ch（叶面喷施或根部处理）和 Ch 衍生的纳米颗粒（NPs）两种施用方式对被 AMF 定殖的番茄植物的影响，重点关注植物生物量、开花和菌根化。用 Ch 处理的丛枝菌根（AM）植物的地上生物量和花数增加。然而，与 AMF 的相互作用减少，表现为菌根化率和 AM 特异性基因表达降低。为了深入了解 Ch 对菌根化的影响，在菌根根中测定了糖、茉莉酸、脱落酸的水平和两个几丁质酶编码基因的表达。Ch 对糖和植物激素水平没有影响，但菌根化减少与 和 的下调和上调表达分别相关。相比之下，将 NPs 应用于叶片和将 Ch 施用于土壤均未显示出任何对菌根化率或菌根植物生长的影响。总之，Ch 叶面喷施增强了植物生长和开花，减少了与 AMF 的相互作用，而根部处理则不影响这些参数。
