Milton Ross D, Minteer Shelley D
Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA.
Chempluschem. 2017 Apr;82(4):513-521. doi: 10.1002/cplu.201600442. Epub 2016 Oct 31.
As an essential component of amino acids and nucleic acids, nitrogen (N) is a key element of life. For atmospheric (dinitrogen, N ) and environmental (nitrate and nitrite, NO and NO ) sources of N to be utilized in amino acid synthesis in various forms of life, it must first be reduced to ammonia (NH ). The Haber-Bosch process, in which N is reduced to NH at elevated temperature and pressure, represents a major NH production process that has had a great impact on the agricultural crop industry. This Minireview discusses the recent electrochemistry of three key enzymes of the global biogeochemical N cycle (nitrogenase, nitrate reductase, and nitrite reductase), in view of moving toward the creation of alternative NH production biotechnologies.
作为氨基酸和核酸的重要组成部分，氮（N）是生命的关键元素。对于大气（氮气，N₂）和环境（硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐，NO₃⁻和NO₂⁻）中的氮源，要在各种生命形式的氨基酸合成中以各种形式被利用，它必须首先被还原为氨（NH₃）。哈伯-博施法在高温高压下将N₂还原为NH₃，是一个对农业作物产业产生了重大影响的主要氨生产过程。鉴于朝着创建替代性氨生产生物技术的方向发展，本综述讨论了全球生物地球化学氮循环的三种关键酶（固氮酶、硝酸还原酶和亚硝酸还原酶）的近期电化学研究。
