Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics, Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA; email:
Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA; email:
Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 2020 Aug 31;21:565-586. doi: 10.1146/annurev-genom-111119-101815. Epub 2020 Jan 21.
Mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs, also referred to as mitochondrial replacement therapies) have given hope to many women who wish to have genetically related children but have mitochondrial DNA mutations in their eggs. MRTs have also spurred deep ethical disagreements and led to different regulatory approaches worldwide. In this review, we discuss the current regulation of MRTs across several countries. After discussing the basics of the science, we describe the current law and policy directions in seven countries: the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, Germany, Israel, and Singapore. We also discuss the emerging phenomenon of medical tourism (also called medical travel) for MRTs to places like Greece, Spain, Mexico, and Ukraine. We then pull out some key findings regarding similarities and differences in regulatory approaches around the world.
线粒体替换技术（MRTs，也称为线粒体替换疗法）为许多希望拥有遗传相关孩子但卵子中有线粒体 DNA 突变的女性带来了希望。MRTs 也引发了深刻的伦理分歧，并导致全球采取不同的监管方法。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了几个国家对 MRTs 的现行监管情况。在讨论了科学的基础知识之后，我们描述了七个国家的现行法律和政策方向：英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、德国、以色列和新加坡。我们还讨论了 MRT 到希腊、西班牙、墨西哥和乌克兰等地的医疗旅游（也称为医疗旅行）这一新兴现象。然后，我们总结了一些关于全球监管方法相似和不同之处的关键发现。
