Center for Advancing Research in Transportation Emissions, Energy, and Health (CARTEEH), Texas A & M Transportation Institute (TTI), College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jan 18;17(2):630. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17020630.
Air pollution is associated with premature mortality and a wide spectrum of diseases. Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is one of the most concerning sources of air pollution for human exposure and health. Until TRAP levels can be significantly reduced on a global scale, there is a need for effective shorter-term strategies to prevent the adverse health effects of TRAP. A growing number of studies suggest that increasing antioxidant intake, through diet or supplementation, may reduce this burden of disease. In this paper, we conducted a non-systematic literature review to assess the available evidence on antioxidant-rich diets and antioxidant supplements as a strategy to mitigate adverse health effects of TRAP in human subjects. We identified 11 studies that fit our inclusion criteria; 3 of which investigated antioxidant-rich diets and 8 of which investigated antioxidant supplements. Overall, we found consistent evidence that dietary intake of antioxidants from adherence to the Mediterranean diet and increased fruit and vegetable consumption is effective in mitigating adverse health effects associated with TRAP. In contrast, antioxidant supplements, including fish oil, olive oil, and vitamin C and E supplements, presented conflicting evidence. Further research is needed to determine why antioxidant supplementation has limited efficacy and whether this relates to effective dose, supplement formulation, timing of administration, or population being studied. There is also a need to better ascertain if susceptible populations, such as children, the elderly, asthmatics and occupational workers consistently exposed to TRAP, should be recommended to increase their antioxidant intake to reduce their burden of disease. Policymakers should consider increasing populations' antioxidant intake, through antioxidant-rich diets, as a relatively cheap and easy preventive measure to lower the burden of disease associated with TRAP.
空气污染与过早死亡和广泛的疾病有关。交通相关的空气污染（TRAP）是人类暴露和健康最令人担忧的空气污染来源之一。在全球范围内显著降低 TRAP 水平之前，需要采取有效的短期策略来预防 TRAP 对健康的不利影响。越来越多的研究表明，通过饮食或补充剂增加抗氧化剂的摄入可能会减轻这种疾病负担。在本文中，我们进行了一项非系统性文献综述，以评估关于富含抗氧化剂的饮食和抗氧化剂补充剂作为减轻人类 TRAP 不良健康影响的策略的现有证据。我们确定了符合纳入标准的 11 项研究；其中 3 项研究了富含抗氧化剂的饮食，8 项研究了抗氧化剂补充剂。总体而言，我们发现一致的证据表明，通过坚持地中海饮食和增加水果和蔬菜的摄入量来摄入抗氧化剂，可有效减轻与 TRAP 相关的健康不良影响。相比之下，抗氧化剂补充剂，包括鱼油、橄榄油和维生素 C 和 E 补充剂，提供了相互矛盾的证据。需要进一步研究以确定为什么抗氧化剂补充剂的功效有限，以及这是否与有效剂量、补充剂配方、给药时间或研究人群有关。还需要更好地确定是否应该建议易受影响的人群（如儿童、老年人、哮喘患者和经常接触 TRAP 的职业工人）增加抗氧化剂的摄入量，以减轻他们的疾病负担。决策者应考虑通过富含抗氧化剂的饮食增加人群的抗氧化剂摄入量，作为一种相对廉价且易于实施的预防措施，以降低与 TRAP 相关的疾病负担。
