Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, NO. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
Department of Environmental Health, Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NO. 2 Weiliu Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250021, People's Republic of China.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Mar 15;656:740-749. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.368. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
There is growing concern about health effects of high air pollution in less-developed countries. Children represent a population at increased risk for air pollution-related respiratory conditions. This study investigated the relationship between high ambient air pollution exposure and respiratory health of young schoolchildren. From 2014 to 2016 in Jinan, China, 2532 primary school children in grades three to five from two different schools with different levels of air pollution were included in the study. Levels of ambient air pollution exposure including PM, PM, NO, SO, CO and O were measured continuously at the two schools. A questionnaire about children's respiratory health was conducted every year. Among them, about 150 randomly selected children also performed lung function tests two times a year at the beginning of November and middle of December. Annual average exposure levels of PM (66.8-79.1 vs 90.0-107.7 μg/m), PM (129.5-177.3 vs 198.1-218.6 μg/m), NO (45.3-53.2 vs 45.0-56.2 μg/m), SO (29.8-56.5 vs 40.5-80.3 μg/m), CO (1.3-1.5 vs 1.4-1.7 mg/m) and O (84.8-120.2 vs 61.1-128.1 μg/m) in the heavy pollution primary school were significantly higher than the light one. The higher air pollution exposure was related to increased prevalence of respiratory diseases of young children in the last year, especially allergic rhinitis. The increased odds of lung function impairment associated with exposure to higher air pollution, could be up to 171.5% (aOR = 2.715; 95% CI = 1.915-3.849) for PEF < 75% predicted in 2014. However, after short-term exposure for 1.5 month or a week, paired comparison for parameters of the same child showed different results. The association between high ambient air pollution exposure and respiratory health of young children is closely related to exposure time and dose and may be fluctuate and complex.
人们对欠发达国家中高空气污染对健康的影响日益关注。儿童是受与空气污染有关的呼吸道疾病影响风险更高的人群。本研究调查了高环境空气污染暴露与小学生呼吸道健康之间的关系。2014 年至 2016 年，在中国济南，来自两所具有不同空气污染水平的不同学校的 2532 名三至五年级小学生参与了这项研究。在这两所学校，持续测量了环境空气污染暴露水平，包括 PM、PM、NO、SO、CO 和 O。每年都对儿童的呼吸道健康进行问卷调查。其中，大约 150 名随机挑选的儿童还在每年 11 月初和 12 月中旬进行两次肺功能测试。PM 的年平均暴露水平（66.8-79.1 比 90.0-107.7μg/m）、PM（129.5-177.3 比 198.1-218.6μg/m）、NO（45.3-53.2 比 45.0-56.2μg/m）、SO（29.8-56.5 比 40.5-80.3μg/m）、CO（1.3-1.5 比 1.4-1.7mg/m）和 O（84.8-120.2 比 61.1-128.1μg/m）在重度污染小学显著高于轻度污染小学。较高的空气污染暴露与儿童呼吸道疾病的发生率增加有关，尤其是过敏性鼻炎。与更高的空气污染暴露相关的肺功能损害的几率增加，与 2014 年 PEF<75%预测值相关，可达 171.5%（aOR=2.715；95%CI=1.915-3.849）。然而，在短期暴露 1.5 个月或一周后，对同一儿童的参数进行配对比较显示出不同的结果。高环境空气污染暴露与儿童呼吸道健康的关系与暴露时间和剂量密切相关，可能是波动和复杂的。
