ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea.
Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jan 19;21(2):665. doi: 10.3390/ijms21020665.
Exosomes are nano-sized membranous vesicles produced by nearly all types of cells. Since exosome-like vesicles are produced in an evolutionarily conserved manner for information and function transfer from the originating cells to recipient cells, an increasing number of studies have focused on their application as therapeutic agents, drug delivery vehicles, and diagnostic targets. Analysis of the in vivo distribution of exosomes is a prerequisite for the development of exosome-based therapeutics and drug delivery vehicles with accurate prediction of therapeutic dose and potential side effects. Various attempts to evaluate the biodistribution of exosomes obtained from different sources have been reported. In this review, we examined the current trends and the advantages and disadvantages of the methods used to determine the biodistribution of exosomes by molecular imaging. We also reviewed 29 publications to compare the methods employed to isolate, analyze, and label exosomes as well as to determine the biodistribution of labeled exosomes.
外泌体是由几乎所有类型的细胞产生的纳米大小的膜囊泡。由于外泌体样囊泡以进化上保守的方式产生，用于将信息和功能从起源细胞传递到受体细胞，因此越来越多的研究集中在将其作为治疗剂、药物递送载体和诊断靶标应用。分析外泌体的体内分布是开发基于外泌体的治疗方法和药物递送载体的前提，可准确预测治疗剂量和潜在副作用。已经有各种尝试来评估从不同来源获得的外泌体的体内分布。在这篇综述中，我们检查了通过分子成像确定外泌体体内分布的当前趋势以及所使用方法的优缺点。我们还回顾了 29 篇出版物，以比较用于分离、分析和标记外泌体以及确定标记外泌体体内分布的方法。
