Applebaum Ariella, Ference Ryan, Cho Woojin
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Spine Deform. 2020 Jun;8(3):397-404. doi: 10.1007/s43390-019-00001-7. Epub 2020 Jan 21.
Literature review.
To review the history, modern uses, limitations, and future direction of surface topography (ST) in surveillance of scoliosis. Spinal deformities, including scoliosis, can be characterized using measurements such as the Cobb angle, lateral curvature, and vertebral rotation. The gold standard for diagnosis and surveillance of such deformities utilizes radiographic images. To minimize repeated radiation exposure, many systems have been developed utilizing ST. ST measures local deviations of a surface from a flat plane. Applying this concept to spinal deformities, ST can non-radiographically study the 3-dimensional shape of the back. One ST system, rasterstereography, projects parallel white light lines onto a patient's back and analyzes line distortion with a camera. While radiography has long been considered the primary diagnostic tool for scoliosis, rasterstereography may possess alternative or complementary benefits in monitoring scoliosis and other diseases.
A comprehensive literature review was performed on the history, development, and validity of ST. The advantages and limitations of this technique were compared to those of radiography.
While the initial goal of ST, designing a system to accurately reproduce the Cobb angle, was not successful, research efforts over the last 40 years have attempted to improve this correlation. ST technologies, including rasterstereography and the Formetric ST System, currently play important roles in scoliosis surveillance, research, and minimizing radiation exposure in longitudinal care of patients. Such technologies are also useful as an adjunct to X-rays for monitoring disease progression, especially in Parkinson's disease.
Despite its limitations, ST has proven useful across multiple fields of medicine. It is a safe and cost-effective tool for long-term surveillance of scoliosis and early detection of progressive disease. With technological improvements, the Formetric System will become a critical alternative in dynamic spinal motion and gait analysis.
N/A.
文献综述。
回顾表面形貌分析（ST）在脊柱侧弯监测中的历史、现代应用、局限性及未来发展方向。脊柱畸形，包括脊柱侧弯，可通过诸如 Cobb 角、侧弯程度和椎体旋转等测量方法来表征。此类畸形诊断和监测的金标准是使用 X 光影像。为尽量减少重复辐射暴露，已研发出许多利用 ST 的系统。ST 测量表面相对于平面的局部偏差。将这一概念应用于脊柱畸形，ST 可通过非辐射方式研究背部的三维形状。一种 ST 系统，即光栅立体摄影术，将平行的白色光线投射到患者背部，并用相机分析光线畸变情况。虽然长期以来 X 光摄影一直被视为脊柱侧弯的主要诊断工具，但光栅立体摄影术在监测脊柱侧弯及其他疾病方面可能具有替代或互补优势。
对 ST 的历史、发展和有效性进行全面的文献综述。将该技术的优缺点与 X 光摄影的优缺点进行比较。
虽然 ST 最初设计一个准确再现 Cobb 角的系统的目标未成功，但过去 40 年的研究努力一直在尝试改善这种相关性。ST 技术，包括光栅立体摄影术和 Formetric ST 系统，目前在脊柱侧弯监测、研究以及减少患者长期护理中的辐射暴露方面发挥着重要作用。此类技术作为 X 光的辅助手段在监测疾病进展方面也很有用，尤其是在帕金森病中。
尽管存在局限性，ST 已在多个医学领域证明是有用的。它是一种安全且经济高效的工具，可用于脊柱侧弯的长期监测和疾病进展的早期检测。随着技术改进，Formetric 系统将成为动态脊柱运动和步态分析的关键替代方法。
无。
