Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, Observatoire Océanologique, F-66650, Banyuls/Mer, France.
Parasitology. 2020 Apr;147(4):418-430. doi: 10.1017/S0031182020000050. Epub 2020 Jan 22.
The epicontinental fauna of the Iberian Peninsula is strongly influenced by its geographical history. As the possibilities for dispersion of organisms into and from this region were (and still are) limited, the local fauna consists almost exclusively of endemic species. Almost all Iberian freshwater fishes of the families Leuciscidae and Cyprinidae are endemic and on-going research on these taxa continually uncovers new species. Nevertheless, information on their host-specific parasites remains scarce. In this study, we investigate the diversity and phylogenetic relationships in monogeneans of the genus Dactylogyrus (gill ectoparasites specific to cyprinoid fish) in the Iberian Peninsula. Twenty-two species were collected and identified from 19 host species belonging to Cyprinidae and Leuciscidae. A high degree of endemism was observed, with 21 Dactylogyrus species reported from Iberia only and a single species, D. borealis, also reported from other European regions. Phylogenetic analysis split the endemic Iberian Dactylogyrus into two well-supported clades, the first encompassing Dactylogyrus parasitizing endemic Luciobarbus spp. only, and the second including all Dactylogyrus species of endemic leuciscids and four species of endemic cyprinids. Species delimitation analysis suggests a remarkable diversity and existence of a multitude of cryptic Dactylogyrus species parasitizing endemic leuciscids (Squalius spp. and representatives of Chondrostoma s.l.). These results suggest a rapid adaptive radiation of Dactylogyrus in this geographically isolated region, closely associated with their cyprinoid hosts. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis supports that Dactylogyrus parasites colonized the Iberian Peninsula through multiple dispersion events.
伊比利亚半岛的泛大陆动物群受其地理历史的强烈影响。由于生物进入和离开该地区的扩散可能性（并且仍然是）有限，当地动物群几乎完全由特有物种组成。几乎所有伊比利亚半岛的淡水鱼类的 Leuciscidae 和 Cyprinidae 科都是特有种，对这些分类群的持续研究不断发现新的物种。然而，有关其宿主特异性寄生虫的信息仍然很少。在本研究中，我们研究了伊比利亚半岛的 Dactylogyrus 属单殖吸虫（特定于鲤科鱼类的鳃外寄生虫）的多样性和系统发育关系。从属于 Cyprinidae 和 Leuciscidae 的 19 种宿主中收集并鉴定了 22 种。观察到高度的特有性，仅在伊比利亚报道了 21 种 Dactylogyrus 物种，还有一种单一的 D. borealis 物种也在其他欧洲地区报道。系统发育分析将伊比利亚半岛特有的 Dactylogyrus 分为两个支持度高的分支，第一个分支包括仅寄生在特有 Luciobarbus spp.的 Dactylogyrus，第二个分支包括所有特有 leuciscids 的 Dactylogyrus 物种和四个特有 cyprinids 物种。物种界定分析表明，寄生在特有 leuciscids（ Squalius spp. 和 Chondrostoma s.l. 的代表）中的 Dactylogyrus 物种具有显著的多样性和存在大量的隐生种。这些结果表明，Dactylogyrus 在这个地理隔离的地区与它们的鲤科宿主密切相关，经历了快速的适应性辐射。此外，系统发育分析支持 Dactylogyrus 寄生虫通过多次扩散事件殖民了伊比利亚半岛。
