Department of Sociology and Anthropology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas.
Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Salem, Virginia.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2020 Mar;29(3):297-309. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2018.7290. Epub 2020 Jan 20.
Understanding the work habits, attitudes, and experiences of women physicians is critical for optimal patient care. In a gendered work environment, obstacles faced hinder women physicians from contributing to their full ability. This study investigated how women physicians' work habits are viewed, in the context of women's attitudes and experiences. An analysis of the medical literature (1990-2017) was undertaken. Published studies were located using search engines, article references, consultation with experts, and relevant Mesh terms. Of 1185 listings, 354 studies were evaluated and 44 articles, selected by three reviewers, were analyzed in detail. Four themes emerged-practice styles, productivity, prevailing attitudes, and the workplace environment. Comparing women physicians to male colleagues as a standard for evaluating performance, for example, undervalues distinctive characteristics women bring to medical practice. Productivity models that focus on work hours, procedures, and publications do not encompass the full scope of patient care. Solutions offered mainly have been designed to help women physicians fit into existing workplace environments, but traditionally available "adapt or exit" options in response to challenges faced appear insufficient. A gender equity perspective helps to explain findings and suggests ways to reshape the health care workplace to better understand, utilize, and retain women physicians.
了解女性医生的工作习惯、态度和经验对于提供最佳患者护理至关重要。在性别化的工作环境中，女性医生面临的障碍阻碍了她们充分发挥能力。本研究探讨了女性医生的工作习惯如何在女性的态度和经验背景下被看待。对医学文献（1990-2017 年）进行了分析。使用搜索引擎、文章参考文献、与专家协商以及相关的 MeSH 术语来查找已发表的研究。在 1185 项清单中，评估了 354 项研究，并由三位评审员详细分析了 44 篇文章。出现了四个主题——实践风格、生产力、普遍态度和工作场所环境。例如，将女性医生与男性同事进行比较作为评估绩效的标准，这种做法低估了女性为医学实践带来的独特特征。专注于工作时间、程序和出版物的生产力模型并没有涵盖患者护理的全部范围。提供的解决方案主要旨在帮助女性医生适应现有工作场所环境，但传统上提供的“适应或退出”选项似乎不足以应对面临的挑战。性别平等视角有助于解释研究结果，并提出重塑医疗保健工作场所的方法，以更好地理解、利用和留住女性医生。
