Nartova-Bochaver Sofya, Muhortova Elena
Department of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000 Moscow, Russia.
Department Psychology of Education, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, 121500 Moscow, Russia.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2020 Jan 22;10(2):40. doi: 10.3390/bs10020040.
People's attachment to the plant world makes a great contribution to the maintenance of psychological well-being. At the same time, little is known regarding the contribution of attitudes to plants to people's morality; the current study is aimed at filling this gap. We assumed that the more positive the attitude to plants is, the higher the level of moral motives is. The survey was conducted on the Russian sample; 257 participants (students from Moscow universities, 199 female, M = 21.1, SD = 2.5) were recruited. The following tools were used: a questionnaire People and Plants (PaP) consisting of five sub-scales (joy, esthetics, practice, closeness to nature, and ecology) and Moral Motives Model scale (MMM scale) including six sub-scales (self-restraint, not harming, social order, self-reliance (industriousness), helping/fairness, and social justice). It was found that all parameters of the positive attitudes to plants, except practice, were strongly positively connected with moral motives. Multi-regression analysis allowed developing certain models demonstrating the contribution of attachment to the plant world to people's morality. The proscriptive motives (especially self-restraint) are more sensitive to attitudes to flora as compared to prescriptive motives; prescriptive motive self-reliance was not predicted by the attitude to flora at all. Moreover, the findings seem to be gender-sensitive (predictions are higher in females). The obtained results are discussed referring to the reverence for life ethics by Schweitzer, deep ecology by Næss, biophilia hypothesis by Wilson, and psychology of moral expansiveness by Crimston et al.
人们对植物世界的喜爱对维持心理健康有很大贡献。与此同时，关于人们对植物的态度对其道德的贡献却知之甚少；当前的研究旨在填补这一空白。我们假设，对植物的态度越积极，道德动机水平就越高。这项调查以俄罗斯样本进行；招募了257名参与者（来自莫斯科大学的学生，199名女性，M = 21.1，SD = 2.5）。使用了以下工具：一份由五个子量表（喜悦、美学、实用性、与自然亲近和生态）组成的问卷《人与植物》（PaP），以及包括六个子量表（自我约束、不伤害、社会秩序、自力更生（勤奋）、帮助/公平和社会正义）的道德动机模型量表（MMM量表）。研究发现，除实用性外，对植物的积极态度的所有参数都与道德动机密切正相关。多元回归分析得出了一些模型，展示了对植物世界的喜爱对人们道德的贡献。与规定性动机相比，禁止性动机（尤其是自我约束）对植物态度更为敏感；规定性动机自力更生完全不受对植物态度的预测。此外，研究结果似乎对性别敏感（女性的预测更高）。所得结果结合施韦泽的敬畏生命伦理、奈斯的深度生态学、威尔逊的亲生命性假说以及克里斯顿等人道德扩展性心理学进行了讨论。
