Physical Activity for Health Promotion, Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Camino de Alfacar 402, 18011 Granada, Spain.
Unit of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jan 22;17(3):710. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17030710.
Physical activity (PA) and sleep contribute to better children's health. Nonetheless, the bidirectional relationship between both of these health-related factors is unclear when using objective measures. The aims of this study were (1) to describe the PA (light PA and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and sleep (duration, latency, and efficiency) patterns of children and compare them with recommendations, and (2) to analyze the bidirectional association between PA levels and sleep patterns in 470 Spanish children according to sex (average age of 8.4 (0.4) years, 51.9% boys). A tri-axial accelerometer and sleep logs were used to measure PA (light PA and MVPA) and sleep patterns (duration, latency, and efficiency) in the children for seven consecutive days. Linear mixed models were conducted to analyze the bidirectional association (PA ⇒ sleep and sleep ⇒ PA) adjusted for the child, the sex, the school, and the day of observation. The results showed that, overall, the children did not meet the sleep duration recommendations per day. Regarding the bidirectional association, increased light PA and MVPA during the day was related to decreased sleep duration but an improvement in sleep efficiency that night. However, sleep duration and sleep efficiency were only related negatively and positively to light PA the following day, respectively. Regarding sex, light PA was associated with decreased sleep duration in both sexes, although the average value was lower in boys. In addition, light PA was also related only to an improvement in sleep efficiency the same night in both sexes, with girls generally having more efficient sleep. More studies in a representative sample of children that use objective measures to corroborate these results are needed.
身体活动（PA）和睡眠有助于儿童健康。然而，使用客观测量方法时，这两个健康相关因素之间的双向关系尚不清楚。本研究的目的是：（1）描述儿童的 PA（低强度 PA 和中高强度 PA（MVPA）和睡眠（时长、潜伏期和效率）模式，并将其与建议进行比较；（2）根据性别（平均年龄为 8.4（0.4）岁，51.9%为男孩），在 470 名西班牙儿童中分析 PA 水平与睡眠模式之间的双向关联。使用三轴加速度计和睡眠日志连续 7 天测量儿童的 PA（低强度 PA 和 MVPA）和睡眠模式（时长、潜伏期和效率）。线性混合模型用于分析双向关联（PA→睡眠和睡眠→PA），调整了儿童、性别、学校和观察日的因素。结果表明，总体而言，儿童每天的睡眠时间未达到建议时长。关于双向关联，白天增加的低强度 PA 和 MVPA 与夜间睡眠时间减少但睡眠效率提高有关。然而，睡眠时长和睡眠效率仅与次日的低强度 PA 呈负相关和正相关。关于性别，白天的低强度 PA 与两性的睡眠时间减少有关，尽管男孩的平均数值较低。此外，低强度 PA 仅与当晚的睡眠效率提高有关，女孩的睡眠效率通常更高。需要更多使用客观测量方法的代表性儿童样本研究来证实这些结果。
