Shimshoni Jakob A, Bommuraj Vijayakumar, Chen Yaira, Sperling Roy, Barel Shimon, Feygenberg Oleg, Maurer Dalia, Alkan Noam
Department of Food Quality & Safety, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon Letzion 7528809, Israel.
Department of Instrumental Analytic, Bilacon GMbH, 13088 Berlin, Germany.
Foods. 2020 Jan 23;9(2):124. doi: 10.3390/foods9020124.
Postharvest application of fungicides is commonly applied in order to reduce food loss. Prochloraz is currently the only postharvest fungicide registered in Israel and Europe in avocado fruits. Due to its unfavorable toxicological properties, prochloraz will be banned from the end of 2020 for future postharvest usage and therefore a substitute candidate is urgently warranted. Fludioxonil, a relatively safe, wide spectrum fungicide, is approved in Europe and Israel for postharvest use in various fruits, but not avocado. Hence, fludioxonil has been evaluated in the present study as a potential substitute for prochloraz in avocado. The objectives of the present study were to determine fludioxonil efficacy against common fungal infestations in avocado and distribution kinetics between peel and pulp in comparison to prochloraz. At the same concentration range (75-300 µg/L), fludioxonil was as effective as prochloraz in inhibiting postharvest decay, while in the early season cultivars, suffering mainly from stem-end rot, it exhibited a better decay control than prochloraz. Fludioxonil and prochloraz displayed negligible and undetected pulp levels, respectively, due to low peel penetrability. Taken altogether, fludioxonil was found to be a suitable candidate for replacing prochloraz as a postharvest fungicide in avocado.
采后使用杀菌剂通常是为了减少食物损失。咪鲜胺是目前以色列和欧洲唯一在鳄梨果实上登记的采后杀菌剂。由于其不良的毒理学特性，咪鲜胺将于2020年底起被禁止用于未来的采后用途，因此迫切需要一种替代候选物。咯菌腈是一种相对安全的广谱杀菌剂，在欧洲和以色列被批准用于各种水果的采后处理，但不包括鳄梨。因此，在本研究中对咯菌腈作为鳄梨中咪鲜胺的潜在替代品进行了评估。本研究的目的是确定咯菌腈对鳄梨中常见真菌侵染的防治效果以及与咪鲜胺相比在果皮和果肉之间的分布动力学。在相同浓度范围（75-300μg/L）内，咯菌腈在抑制采后腐烂方面与咪鲜胺效果相当，而在主要遭受蒂腐病的早熟品种中，它表现出比咪鲜胺更好的腐烂控制效果。由于果皮渗透性低，咯菌腈和咪鲜胺在果肉中的含量分别可忽略不计和未检测到。综上所述，咯菌腈被认为是替代咪鲜胺作为鳄梨采后杀菌剂的合适候选物。
