Suarez S S
Department of Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616.
Gamete Res. 1988 Jan;19(1):51-65. doi: 10.1002/mrd.1120190106.
The transformation of hamster sperm motility during capacitation in vitro and during maturation in the caudal epididymis was analyzed and compared using videomicrography. Sperm recovered from the distal portion of the caudal epididymis, as well as ejaculated sperm recovered from the uterus exhibited low amplitude, planar flagellar beating. By 3 hr of incubation under capacitating conditions, the caudal epididymal sperm were swimming in helical patterns apparently produced by significantly increased acuteness of flagellar bending and by torsion seen as abrupt, periodic turning of the head. By 4 hr, most sperm were hyperactivated, swimming in circles resulting from asymmetrical, planar flagellar bending that was significantly more acute than the preceding patterns. When motility parameters of fresh sperm were compared with those of sperm swimming in the transitional helical pattern and with hyperactivated sperm, transitional sperm had significantly higher net and average path velocities than the others, indicating that they covered space at the greatest rate. This suggests that the transitional phase plays an important role in sperm transport. Sperm recovered from the proximal region of the caudal epididymis, near the corpus, swam in either the helical or hyperactivated patterns, or a mixture of the two. The means of their flagellar curvature ratios and linear indices were intermediate between helical and hyperactivated mean values. Thus, sperm undergoing final maturation in the caudal epididymis reverse the pattern of development of hyperactivation. Also, the development of hyperactivated motility must therefore entail induction of a preexisting potential for flagellar movement, rather than a maturational process.
利用视频显微镜分析并比较了仓鼠精子在体外获能过程以及在附睾尾部成熟过程中运动能力的变化。从附睾尾部远端回收的精子，以及从子宫回收的射出精子，均表现出低振幅的平面鞭毛摆动。在获能条件下孵育3小时后，附睾尾部精子以螺旋模式游动，这显然是由鞭毛弯曲的明显加剧以及头部突然、周期性转动所导致的扭转引起的。到4小时时，大多数精子出现超活化，以不对称的平面鞭毛弯曲导致的圆周运动方式游动，这种弯曲比之前的模式明显更剧烈。当将新鲜精子的运动参数与以过渡螺旋模式游动的精子以及超活化精子的参数进行比较时，处于过渡阶段的精子的净速度和平均路径速度显著高于其他精子，这表明它们占据空间的速度最快。这表明过渡阶段在精子运输中起重要作用。从附睾尾部近端靠近附睾体处回收的精子，以螺旋模式或超活化模式游动，或两者混合。它们的鞭毛曲率比和线性指数平均值介于螺旋模式和超活化模式的平均值之间。因此，在附睾尾部进行最终成熟的精子逆转了超活化的发育模式。此外，超活化运动能力的发展因此必定需要诱导预先存在的鞭毛运动潜能，而不是一个成熟过程。
