Department of Microbiology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
Laboratorio Central de Madrid (BRSalud), Madrid, Spain.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020 Jun;39(6):1089-1094. doi: 10.1007/s10096-020-03826-7. Epub 2020 Jan 24.
The epidemiology of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in Spain is largely unknown because systematic reporting is not compulsory. The aim of our study was to describe the frequency and diversity of NTM species in our region and their distribution according to the source sample, gender, and age of the patients. We performed a multicenter study of all NTM isolated in 24 public hospitals in Madrid from 2013 to 2017. A total of 6.923 mycobacteria were isolated: 4535 (65.5%) NTM, and 2.388 (34.5%) Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTB). Overall, 61 different NTM species were identified. The most frequently isolated species were Mycobacterium avium complex (47.7%), M. lentiflavum (12.2%), M. gordonae (9.2%), M. fortuitum (8.9%), and M. abscessus (3.9%). Whereas MTB cases were stable during the study period, the number of NTM isolates increased considerably from 930 isolates in 2013 to 1012 in 2017; a sharp increase occurred in the last year. The rise in NTM isolates was mostly due to M. lentiflavum, M. kansasii, and M. abscessus mainly isolated from respiratory specimens in patients older than 60. The increase in isolation rate of NTM in our region is consistent with the increasing rates reported worldwide in the last decades. The rise in NTM isolates was mainly attributed to M. lentiflavum but it also should be noted the increasing of species with high pathogenic potential such as M. kansasii and M. abscessus.
西班牙的非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）流行病学很大程度上是未知的，因为系统报告并非强制性的。我们的研究目的是描述我们地区 NTM 物种的频率和多样性，以及根据患者的样本来源、性别和年龄分布情况。我们对 2013 年至 2017 年马德里 24 家公立医院分离的所有 NTM 进行了一项多中心研究。共分离出 6923 株分枝杆菌：4535 株（65.5%）为 NTM，2388 株（34.5%）为结核分枝杆菌复合群（MTB）。总共鉴定出 61 种不同的 NTM 物种。最常分离的物种是鸟分枝杆菌复合群（47.7%）、微黄分枝杆菌（12.2%）、戈登分枝杆菌（9.2%）、脓肿分枝杆菌（8.9%）和偶然分枝杆菌（3.9%）。虽然 MTB 病例在研究期间保持稳定，但 NTM 分离株的数量从 2013 年的 930 株大幅增加到 2017 年的 1012 株；最后一年急剧增加。NTM 分离株的增加主要归因于微黄分枝杆菌、堪萨斯分枝杆菌和脓肿分枝杆菌，主要从 60 岁以上患者的呼吸道标本中分离。我们地区 NTM 分离率的增加与过去几十年全球报告的增加率一致。NTM 分离株的增加主要归因于微黄分枝杆菌，但也应注意到具有高致病性潜力的物种（如堪萨斯分枝杆菌和脓肿分枝杆菌）的增加。
