Department of Psychiatry, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; AI Biomed Center, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
Psychiatry Res. 2020 Feb;284:112792. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112792. Epub 2020 Jan 14.
We investigated time trends in the incidence rate (IR) of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) across the lifespan and potential factors affecting them using a Taiwanese population-based database. IR per 10,000 person-years (PY) of newly diagnosed ADHD based on ICD-9-CM was calculated annually for the total population, gender, 5 age groups, and 3 ADHD subtypes from 2000 to 2011. Among the 265,932 patients, IR increased from 7.92 to 13.92; the male-to-female ratio decreased from 3.61 to 2.90. The largest increase in IR was noted in young adults (19-30 years), followed by preschoolers (0-6 years), while the smallest increase was in adults (>31 years). The IR trends showed a more prominent increase in males than females among children, adolescents, and young adults, yet a reserved relationship existed among adults, with a more prominent increase in women. The combined type of ADHD exhibited a prominently increasing trend in the child/adolescent group (age≦18) and the inattentive type ADHD in the adult group (age>18). In conclusion, the ADHD IR is increasing with distinct differences among age, sex, and subtypes. The diminishing gap between those who need treatment and those actually treated might partly contribute to this trend, especially among young adults, preschoolers, and females.
我们使用台湾地区基于人群的数据库，调查了终身注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）发病率（IR）的时间趋势，以及影响这些趋势的潜在因素。根据 ICD-9-CM，每年计算新诊断为 ADHD 的每 10000 人年（PY）的 IR，针对总人口、性别、5 个年龄组和 3 种 ADHD 亚型，时间范围为 2000 年至 2011 年。在 265932 名患者中，IR 从 7.92 增至 13.92；男女比例从 3.61 降至 2.90。IR 增加幅度最大的是年轻人（19-30 岁），其次是学龄前儿童（0-6 岁），而成年人（>31 岁）的增加幅度最小。IR 趋势显示，在儿童、青少年和年轻人中，男性的增长幅度明显大于女性，而在成年人群中，这种关系较为保守，女性的增长幅度更大。ADHD 的混合型在儿童/青少年组（年龄≦18）和成人组（年龄>18）的注意力不集中型中呈现出明显的上升趋势。总之，ADHD 的 IR 随着年龄、性别和亚型的不同而有明显差异。需要治疗的人和实际接受治疗的人之间差距的缩小可能是导致这一趋势的部分原因，尤其是在年轻人、学龄前儿童和女性中。
