Sorsa M, Husgafvel-Pursiainen K
Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
IARC Sci Publ. 1988(89):129-32.
Although tobacco smoke has been shown to be highly genotoxic in various experimental systems, most nonmolecular methods designed to assess exposure to mutagens are too insensitive to detect passive exposure to tobacco smoke. Biochemical markers of intake--cotinine and thiocyanates in body fluids--were shown to be elevated after occupational, passive or transplacental exposure to tobacco smoke, while no response was seen in the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in cultured blood lymphocytes. After occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, the intake marker levels are generally less than 5% of the levels found in active smokers, while cord blood levels (representing fetal exposure) are at about the same level as in the mothers at the time of delivery.
尽管在各种实验系统中已证明烟草烟雾具有高度的基因毒性，但大多数用于评估诱变剂暴露的非分子方法对于检测被动接触烟草烟雾过于不敏感。体液中的摄入生化标志物——可替宁和硫氰酸盐——在职业性、被动或经胎盘接触烟草烟雾后会升高，而在培养的血液淋巴细胞中姐妹染色单体交换（SCE）频率未见反应。职业性接触环境烟草烟雾后，摄入标志物水平通常低于主动吸烟者的5%，而脐血水平（代表胎儿接触情况）与分娩时母亲的水平大致相同。
