Kid Risk, Inc., Orlando, FL, USA.
Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Vaccine. 2020 Feb 24;38(9):2136-2143. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.042. Epub 2020 Jan 22.
The United States (US) highly values the individual and societal benefits of vaccination and invests significantly in vaccine development and use as part of its national vaccine enterprise. In 1986, recognizing the small, but non-zero risks associated with vaccines, the US created a mechanism to collect excise taxes on each dose of vaccine to fund a national Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP). The VICP includes a system for those claiming serious injuries from vaccines to seek compensation, and a process to pay individuals with legitimate claims and their legal counsel. Given the maturity of the VICP, we review experience with the vaccines and injuries covered, claims, and economics of the fund. Our review shows the excellent safety track record of vaccines, provides some evidence of injuries related specifically to vaccine delivery, and discusses the financial health of the fund.
美国高度重视疫苗接种给个人和社会带来的效益，并将大量资源投入到疫苗的开发和使用中，以此作为其国家疫苗事业的一部分。1986 年，美国认识到疫苗存在着微小但并非为零的风险，因此建立了一种机制，对每剂疫苗征收消费税，为国家疫苗损伤赔偿计划（VICP）提供资金。VICP 包括一个针对因疫苗而遭受严重伤害的人寻求赔偿的系统，以及一个向合法索赔者及其法律顾问支付款项的流程。鉴于 VICP 的成熟度，我们回顾了涵盖的疫苗和伤害、索赔以及基金的经济学经验。我们的审查结果表明，疫苗具有出色的安全记录，提供了一些与疫苗接种方式相关的伤害证据，并讨论了基金的财务健康状况。
