Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Apr;222(4):330-337. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.01.037. Epub 2020 Jan 23.
As gestational surrogacy (a process by which intended parents contract with a woman to carry a fetus that the intended parents will raise) increases across the United States, it is imperative that obstetrician/gynecologists understand the unique nuances of caring for patients who are gestational surrogates. Gestational surrogacy offers a route to parenthood for individuals and families who may otherwise have limited options. Understanding surrogacy requires multiple ethical considerations about the potential medical and psychosocial effects on gestational surrogates as well as the families built through surrogacy. There is a dearth of research on the subject, particularly in the United States and other countries that practice compensated surrogacy. Here we seek to review the process of gestational surrogacy in the United States, including the legal landscape, current trends in gestational surrogacy use, and what is known about the medical and social effects of this process on all participants. We also aim to highlight the limitations of available data and to identify topics for future research to provide optimal evidence-based and just care for these patients.
随着代孕（一种由意向父母与女性签订合同，由该女性怀孕并抚养意向父母的孩子的过程）在美国的普及，妇产科医生必须了解照顾代孕患者的独特细微差别。代孕为那些可能选择有限的个人和家庭提供了一种成为父母的途径。理解代孕需要考虑多个伦理问题，包括对代孕者可能产生的潜在医疗和心理社会影响，以及通过代孕建立的家庭。关于这个主题的研究很少，特别是在美国和其他实行有偿代孕的国家。在这里，我们试图回顾美国的代孕过程，包括法律现状、代孕使用的当前趋势，以及对这一过程对所有参与者的医疗和社会影响的了解。我们还旨在强调现有数据的局限性，并确定未来研究的主题，为这些患者提供最佳的循证和公正的护理。
