Department of Civil Engineering and TRIPP, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 2020 Mar;27(1):35-43. doi: 10.1080/17457300.2020.1720255. Epub 2020 Jan 27.
This paper looks at the pedestrian safety issue and the research that has followed to understand and solve the problem of pedestrian safety in the last 120 years - since the time of the first reported pedestrian fatality in 1899. Researches have studied the epidemiology of pedestrian crashes, pedestrian behaviour, pedestrian movements and pedestrian flows. The suggested strategies to reduce pedestrian crashes have ranged from controlling vehicular speeds to controlling pedestrian behaviour. This study presents a summary of the progress we have made in understanding pedestrian crash patterns. Pedestrian behaviour observed in different regions of the world tend to have similarity in pedestrian behaviour: gap acceptance, preferences of route choice and location for crossing roads. High income countries(HIC) have reported reduction in pedestrian fatalities as compared to low and middle income countries(LMICs), however pedestrian trips have also reduced in these countries leading to concerns about the effectiveness of 'known' strategies. Speed control through active measures have been found to have themaximal benefit and education and training programs for altering pedestrian behaviour on the road the least benefits. Low and middle income countries face pedestrian exposure on high speed roads. New research efforts are required to address pedestrian safety in both HIC and LMICs.
本文着眼于行人安全问题，并对过去 120 年来（自 1899 年首次报道行人死亡事件以来）为了解决行人安全问题而进行的研究进行了回顾。研究人员研究了行人碰撞的流行病学、行人行为、行人运动和行人流动。建议的减少行人碰撞的策略范围从控制车辆速度到控制行人行为。本研究总结了我们在理解行人碰撞模式方面所取得的进展。在世界不同地区观察到的行人行为往往具有相似性：间隙接受、路线选择偏好和过马路的位置。与中低收入国家（LMICs）相比，高收入国家（HICs）报告的行人死亡人数有所减少，但这些国家的行人出行量也有所减少，这引发了人们对“已知”策略有效性的担忧。通过主动措施控制速度被发现具有最大的益处，而改变道路上行人行为的教育和培训计划则益处最小。中低收入国家面临着在高速道路上的行人暴露问题。需要新的研究努力来解决高收入和中低收入国家的行人安全问题。
