Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Postgraduate Medical Education, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital - University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Wilson Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Br J Anaesth. 2020 Mar;124(3):e134-e147. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.12.021. Epub 2020 Jan 23.
Despite an increase in the proportion of women anaesthesiologists over time, women remain under-represented in academic and leadership positions, honour awards, and academic promotion. Current literature has identified several reasons for the observed gender disparity in anaesthesiology leadership and faculty positions, including unsupportive work environments, lack of mentorship, personal choices, childcare responsibilities, and active discrimination against women. A scoping review design was selected to examine the nature and extent of available research. Our review provides an overview of the literature that explores gender issues in anaesthesiology, identifies gaps in the literature, and appraises effective strategies to improve gender equity in anaesthesiology. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE up to July 2019, and included 30 studies for analysis. Most reports used retrospective or survey methodologies. The review shows that women anaesthesiologists face gender biases in the work environment, are under-represented in various positions of leadership or influence, and as authors. Work-life demands may impose a challenge. Motivation and interest in career advancement of women anaesthesiologists have not been well studied. Several strategies have been proposed, ranging from an individual to administrative level, which may help anaesthesiologists achieve equal representation of women in the field.
尽管女性麻醉师的比例随着时间的推移有所增加，但在学术和领导职位、荣誉奖项和学术晋升方面，女性的代表性仍然不足。目前的文献已经确定了导致麻醉学领导和教师职位中性别差异的几个原因，包括支持性工作环境不足、缺乏指导、个人选择、育儿责任以及对女性的积极歧视。选择范围审查设计来检查现有研究的性质和范围。我们的审查提供了对探索麻醉学中性别问题的文献的概述，确定了文献中的差距，并评估了改善麻醉学中性别平等的有效策略。我们搜索了 PubMed、MEDLINE 和 EMBASE，截至 2019 年 7 月，共纳入了 30 项研究进行分析。大多数报告使用了回顾性或调查方法。该综述表明，女性麻醉师在工作环境中面临性别偏见，在各种领导或有影响力的职位以及作为作者方面代表性不足。工作与生活的需求可能构成挑战。女性麻醉师的职业发展动机和兴趣尚未得到充分研究。已经提出了一些策略，从个人到管理层面都有，可以帮助麻醉师在该领域实现女性的平等代表。
