J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2020 Mar/Apr;35(2):131-136. doi: 10.1097/JCN.0000000000000641.
Men with heart failure are reported to be less adherent to low-sodium diets than women are. One potential reason may be that men consume more food and, consequently, more sodium than women do.
The aims of this study were to compare dietary sodium intake, urine sodium excretion, and sodium density of diet consumed between men and women with heart failure and to determine whether sex moderated the relationship of kilocalories (kcals) consumed with dietary and urine sodium.
A total of 223 patients with heart failure (mean age, 62 ± 12 years; 70% men, 46% New York Heart Association class III-IV) completed detailed 4-day food diaries and provided 24-hour urine sodium samples. To account for sodium density of food, dietary sodium and urine sodium were referenced to sodium per 1000 kcal.
On an absolute basis, men consumed 23% more kcals and 28% more sodium than women did; 24-hour sodium excretion was 16% higher in men than in women. There were no differences between men and women when dietary sodium and urinary sodium were referenced to 1000 kcal, indicating they consumed foods with similar sodium density. However, both moderation analyses showed that the dietary sodium intake of men and women with lower kcal intake was similar, whereas men with higher kcal intake consumed more sodium-dense foods than women did.
The results suggest that the men with higher sodium intake than women had 2 reasons for nonadherence. They consumed more food and foods with higher sodium density than women did.
据报道，心力衰竭男性患者比女性患者更不遵守低钠饮食。一个潜在的原因可能是男性比女性摄入更多的食物，因此摄入更多的钠。
本研究旨在比较心力衰竭男性和女性的膳食钠摄入量、尿钠排泄量和所摄入饮食的钠密度，并确定性别是否调节了摄入的卡路里（kcals）与膳食和尿钠之间的关系。
共有 223 名心力衰竭患者（平均年龄 62 ± 12 岁；70%为男性，46%为纽约心脏协会心功能分级 III-IV 级）完成了详细的 4 天食物日记，并提供了 24 小时尿钠样本。为了考虑食物的钠密度，将膳食钠和尿钠与每 1000 千卡的钠进行了参考。
从绝对数值来看，男性比女性多摄入 23%的卡路里和 28%的钠；男性的 24 小时钠排泄量比女性高 16%。当膳食钠和尿钠与 1000 千卡进行参考时，男性和女性之间没有差异，这表明他们摄入了钠密度相似的食物。然而，两次适度分析都表明，低卡路里摄入的男性和女性的膳食钠摄入量相似，而高卡路里摄入的男性比女性摄入更多的高钠密度食物。
结果表明，摄入钠量较高的男性患者不遵守饮食的原因有二。他们摄入的食物量和钠密度都高于女性。
