Clinical Nutrition & Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College Street., Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada.
Nutrients. 2018 May 27;10(6):682. doi: 10.3390/nu10060682.
Occasion and location of food environment has an influence on dietary habits, nutritional quality and overall health and nutrition-related chronic disease risk. Eating occasion and location was assessed in 20,402 Canadians aged ≥ 2 years, with a focus on energy, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium intake by age group. Data showed >80% of children, compared to ~60% of adolescents and adults, consumed three meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) plus snacks in a day. Dinner contributed the most calories [ranging from 395 ± 11 kcal (2⁻3 year olds) to 952 ± 27 kcal (men 19⁻30 years)], saturated fat [7.4 ± 0.2% energy (2⁻3 year olds) to 9.1 ± 0.3% energy (women 31⁻50 years)], and sodium [851 ± 24 mg (2⁻3 year olds) to 1299 ± 69 mg (men 19⁻30 years)], while snacks contributed the most added sugars [22 ± 1 kcal (men >70 years) to 45 ± 1 kcal (2⁻3 year olds)]. By eating location, most Canadians (>90%) reported consuming food from home. Subsequently, home was associated with the majority of energy [1383 ± 23 kcal (women >70 years) to 2090 ± 35 kcal (boys 9⁻13 years)], saturated fat [20.4 ± 0.4%E (men 51⁻70 years) to 24.2 ± 0.4%E (2⁻3 year olds)], added sugars [77 ± 3 kcal (men 19⁻30 years) to 117 ± 2 kcal (2⁻3 year olds)], and sodium [2137 ± 59 mg (women 19⁻30 years) to 2638 ± 45 mg (men 51⁻70 years)] intakes. Reported eating behaviours suggest action is needed at individual and population levels to alter food purchasing and consumption habits, specifically with regards to snacking habits and foods prepared at home.
进食场合和地点会影响饮食习惯、营养质量以及整体健康和与营养相关的慢性病风险。本研究对 20402 名年龄≥2 岁的加拿大成年人的进食场合和地点进行了评估，重点关注不同年龄段的能量、饱和脂肪、添加糖和钠的摄入量。研究数据显示，与青少年和成年人相比，超过 80%的儿童每天会吃三餐（早餐、午餐和晚餐）加零食，而青少年和成年人中这一比例分别约为 60%和 40%。晚餐提供的热量最多[从 2-3 岁儿童的 395±11 千卡（kcal）到 19-30 岁男性的 952±27 千卡]，饱和脂肪最多[从 2-3 岁儿童的 7.4±0.2%能量到 31-50 岁女性的 9.1±0.3%能量]，钠最多[从 2-3 岁儿童的 851±24 毫克（mg）到 19-30 岁男性的 1299±69mg]，而零食提供的添加糖最多[从 70 岁以上男性的 22±1kcal 到 2-3 岁儿童的 45±1kcal]。从进食地点来看，超过 90%的加拿大人报告称从家里获取食物。因此，家是能量[从 70 岁以上女性的 1383±23kcal（kcal）到 9-13 岁男孩的 2090±35kcal（kcal）]、饱和脂肪[从 51-70 岁男性的 20.4±0.4%E（energy）到 2-3 岁儿童的 24.2±0.4%E]、添加糖[从 19-30 岁男性的 77±3kcal 到 2-3 岁儿童的 117±2kcal]和钠[从 19-30 岁女性的 2137±59mg 到 51-70 岁男性的 2638±45mg]摄入量的主要来源。研究报告的进食行为表明，需要在个人和人群层面采取行动，改变食物购买和消费习惯，特别是要改变零食习惯和在家中准备食物的习惯。
