Akhondi Hossein, Ganjali Shirin, Nagalli Shivaraj
University of Nevada
Yuma Regional Medical Center
Abdominal veins bring blood lacking oxygen from the abdomen to the inferior vena cava, draining to the right atrium. Abdominal organs have 2 venous systems: the systemic one, which drains directly to the inferior vena cava, and the portal one, which drains to the hepatic portal vein and then to the inferior vena cava through the liver. The systemic venous system includes common iliac, lumbar, renal, right testicular/ovarian, right suprarenal, inferior phrenic, and hepatic veins. The portal venous system includes right and left gastric, cystic, para-umbilical, splenic, inferior mesenteric (via a splenic vein), and superior mesenteric vein. The splenic and superior mesenteric merge to form the portal vein. Blood clotting in these venous systems can lead to splanchnic venous thrombosis; this includes thrombosis in the splenic, mesenteric, portal, or hepatic veins (eg, Budd-Chiari syndrome). The most common site of venous thrombosis is a portal and mesenteric vein, with the least common being the hepatic vein. Splanchnic venous thrombosis can lead to different symptoms depending on the site of the thrombosis.
腹部静脉将来自腹部的缺氧血液输送至下腔静脉，再引流至右心房。腹部器官有两个静脉系统：一个是体循环静脉系统，直接引流至下腔静脉；另一个是门静脉系统，引流至肝门静脉，然后通过肝脏再引流至下腔静脉。体循环静脉系统包括髂总静脉、腰静脉、肾静脉、右睾丸/卵巢静脉、右肾上腺静脉、膈下静脉和肝静脉。门静脉系统包括胃左右静脉、胆囊静脉、脐旁静脉、脾静脉、肠系膜下静脉（经脾静脉）和肠系膜上静脉。脾静脉和肠系膜上静脉汇合形成门静脉。这些静脉系统中的血液凝固可导致内脏静脉血栓形成；这包括脾静脉、肠系膜静脉、门静脉或肝静脉的血栓形成（如布加综合征）。静脉血栓形成最常见的部位是门静脉和肠系膜静脉，最不常见的是肝静脉。内脏静脉血栓形成根据血栓形成的部位可导致不同的症状。
