Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; email:
Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
Annu Rev Biophys. 2020 May 6;49:87-105. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-121219-081535. Epub 2020 Jan 27.
Many enzymes appear to diffuse faster in the presence of substrate and to drift either up or down a concentration gradient of their substrate. Observations of these phenomena, termed enhanced enzyme diffusion (EED) and enzyme chemotaxis, respectively, lead to a novel view of enzymes as active matter. Enzyme chemotaxis and EED may be important in biology and could have practical applications in biotechnology and nanotechnology. They are also of considerable biophysical interest; indeed, their physical mechanisms are still quite uncertain. This review provides an analytic summary of experimental studies of these phenomena and of the mechanisms that have been proposed to explain them and offers a perspective on future directions for the field.
许多酶似乎在底物存在的情况下扩散得更快，并沿着底物的浓度梯度向上或向下漂移。这些现象分别被称为增强酶扩散（EED）和酶趋化性，它们导致了一种将酶视为活性物质的新观点。酶趋化性和 EED 在生物学中可能很重要，并可能在生物技术和纳米技术中有实际应用。它们也具有相当大的生物物理意义；事实上，它们的物理机制仍然相当不确定。本文综述了对这些现象及其解释机制的实验研究，并对该领域的未来发展方向提出了看法。
