Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R. China.
Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China.
Theranostics. 2023 May 15;13(9):2993-3020. doi: 10.7150/thno.81845. eCollection 2023.
Micro/nanomotors are containers that pass through liquid media and carry cargo. Because they are tiny, micro/nanomotors exhibit excellent potential for biosensing and disease treatment applications. However, their size also makes overcoming random Brownian forces very challenging for micro/nanomotors moving on targets. Additionally, to achieve desired practical applications, the expensive materials, short lifetimes, poor biocompatibility, complex preparation methods, and side effects of micro/nanomotors must be addressed, and potential adverse effects must be evaluated both and in practical applications. This has led to the continuous development of key materials for driving micro/nanomotors. In this work, we review the working principles of micro/nanomotors. Metallic and nonmetallic nanocomplexes, enzymes, and living cells are explored as key materials for driving micro/nanomotors. We also consider the effects of exogenous stimulations and endogenous substance conditions on micro/nanomotor motions. The discussion focuses on micro/nanomotor applications in biosensing, treating cancer and gynecological diseases, and assisted fertilization. By addressing micro/nanomotor shortcomings, we propose directions for further developing and applying micro/nanomotors.
微/纳米马达是能够在液体中穿行并携带货物的容器。由于它们非常微小，微/纳米马达在生物传感和疾病治疗等应用中具有优异的潜力。然而，它们的尺寸也使得在目标上移动的微/纳米马达很难克服随机布朗力。此外，为了实现预期的实际应用，必须解决微/纳米马达昂贵的材料、短的使用寿命、较差的生物相容性、复杂的制备方法和副作用，并评估其在实际应用中的潜在不良影响。这导致了用于驱动微/纳米马达的关键材料的不断发展。在这项工作中，我们回顾了微/纳米马达的工作原理。探讨了金属和非金属纳米复合物、酶和活细胞作为驱动微/纳米马达的关键材料。我们还考虑了外源刺激和内源性物质条件对微/纳米马达运动的影响。讨论重点是微/纳米马达在生物传感、治疗癌症和妇科疾病以及辅助受精方面的应用。通过解决微/纳米马达的缺点，我们提出了进一步开发和应用微/纳米马达的方向。
