Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Am J Primatol. 1983;5(3):211-219. doi: 10.1002/ajp.1350050305.
Only a few nonhuman species (chimpanzees and orangutans) have displayed mirror-image recognition of themselves by grooming at a spot that can only be seen with the mirror. Pygmy marmosets have never been observed to self-groom, but they do behave toward mirrors in a manner suggestive of the early stages of mirror-image recognition. They displayed a rapid extinction of social threat responses to their own image and of novelty responses to mirrors, but continued to show mirror-specific responses such as following their own image, playing peek-a-boo, and looking at their image throughout a 28-day period of mirror exposure. The pygmy marmosets used a mirror to locate otherwise unseen conspecifics from other groups and directed threat responses toward the real location of these animals rather than to their mirror-image. Pygmy marmosets displayed the precursor behaviors to mirror-image recognition.
只有少数非人类物种（黑猩猩和猩猩）通过在只有通过镜子才能看到的地方梳理来展示对自己镜像的识别。 倭黑猩猩从未被观察到自我梳理，但它们在镜子前的行为表明它们处于镜像识别的早期阶段。 它们对自己的镜像表现出快速的社交威胁反应和对镜子的新奇反应的消失，但继续表现出特定于镜子的反应，例如跟随自己的镜像、玩躲猫猫和在 28 天的镜子暴露期间观察自己的镜像。 倭黑猩猩使用镜子来定位其他组中看不见的同种动物，并将威胁反应指向这些动物的真实位置，而不是指向它们的镜像。 倭黑猩猩表现出了镜像识别的前导行为。
