Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Department of Medical Oncology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2020 Feb;20(2):195-205. doi: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1707669. Epub 2020 Jan 27.
: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common adult malignancies worldwide, and a major leading cause of cancer-related death in men in Western societies. In the last years, the prognosis of advanced PCa patients has been impressively improved thanks to the development of different therapeutic agents, including taxanes (docetaxel and cabazitaxel), second-generation anti-hormonal agents (abiraterone and enzalutamide), and the radiopharmaceutical Radium-223. However, great efforts are still needed to properly select the most appropriate treatment for each single patient.: Several prognostic or predictive biomarkers have been studied, none of which has an established validated role in daily clinical practice. This paper analyzed the major biomarkers (including PSA, androgen receptor (AR) splice variants, βIII-tubulin, ALP, circulating tumor cells, and DNA repair genes) with a potential prognostic and/or predictive role in advanced PCa patients.: Surrogate biomarkers - measurable, reproducible, closely associated with tumor behavior and linked to relevant clinical outcomes - are urgently needed to improve PCa patient management.
前列腺癌（PCa）是全球最常见的成人恶性肿瘤之一，也是西方社会男性癌症相关死亡的主要原因。近年来，由于不同治疗药物的发展，包括紫杉烷类（多西他赛和卡巴他赛）、第二代抗激素药物（阿比特龙和恩扎鲁胺）和放射性药物镭-223，晚期 PCa 患者的预后得到了显著改善。然而，仍需要付出巨大努力，以便为每个患者选择最合适的治疗方法。
已经研究了几种预后或预测生物标志物，但没有一种在日常临床实践中具有既定的经过验证的作用。本文分析了在晚期 PCa 患者中具有潜在预后和/或预测作用的主要生物标志物（包括 PSA、雄激素受体（AR）剪接变体、βIII-微管蛋白、碱性磷酸酶、循环肿瘤细胞和 DNA 修复基因）。
替代生物标志物 - 可测量、可重复、与肿瘤行为密切相关并与相关临床结局相关联 - 迫切需要改善 PCa 患者的管理。
